Morton's Crania Americana. 345 
and the two epiderms of the white race, a particular appara- 
tus, an apparatus which is altogether wanting in the man of 
the white race, an apparatus composed of two layers, the external 
of which is the seat of the pigmentum, or coloring matter of ne- 
_ groes.”* “'The coloring apparatus of the negro is always found 
in the mulatto.” Flourens adds, “The white race and the black 
race are then, I repeat, two essentially distinct races. The same 
is true of the red, or American race. Anatomy discovers, under 
the second epiderm of the individual of the red, copper-colored, 
Indian or American race, (for this-race is called indifferently by 
all these names, ) a pigmental apparatus, which is the seat of the 
red or copper color of this race, as the pigmental apparatus of 
the negro is the seat of his black color.” 
Dr. Morton does not advert to the existence of this pigmental 
apparatus in the American race. The investigations of Dr. 
McCulloh, he observes, “ satisfactorily prove that the designation 
' ‘ copper-colored,’ is wholly inapplicable to the Americans as a 
race.” The cinnamon is, in Dr. McCulloh’s apprehension, the 
nearest approach to the a color” of the native Americans. Dr. 
Morton considers that “ brown race’ most correctly desig- 
nates them “eae = ® Abhodgh, sf says he, “the Americans 
thus possess a pervading and characteristic complexion, there are 
occasional and very remarkable deviations, including all the tints 
from a decided white to an unequivocally black skin.” He 
shows, also, by numerous authorities, that ‘“ climate exerts a sub- 
ordinate agency in producing these diversified hues.” The tribes 
which wander along the burning plains of the equinoctial region, 
have no darker skins than the mountaineers of the temperate 
zone. “ Again, the Puelchés, and other inhabitants of the Ma- 
gellanic region, beyond the 55th degree of south latitude, are ab- 
solutely darker than the Abipones, Macobios and 'Tobas, who are 
many degrees nearer the equator. While the Botocudys are of a 
clear brown color, and sometimes nearly white, at no great dis- 
tance from the tropic ; and moreover, while the Guyacas, under 
the line, are characterized by a fair complexion, the Charruas, 
who are almost black, inhabit the 50th degree of south latitude ; 
and the yet blacker Californians, are 25 degrees north of the 
equator.” “ After all,” he adds, “these differences in complex- 
co TE ee ee eee 
* Annales des Sciences Nat. . x, Dec. - pp- 361, &c. 
Vol. xxxvis1, No. 2.—Jan.—March, 1 
