ON THE JESTÍVATION OF CRITHMUM MARITIMUM. 1 
they are in Papilionacez ; in Aralia racemosa, Stilbocarpa polaris, and 
a few others, the eestivation of the corolla is s quincuncial. oth being 
different degrees of imbrication, we may, in the present stage of the 
inquiry, rest content with two suburdet of Umbelliferee being de- 
fined :— 
21. Apiacee. Corolla variously imbricate in estivation. é 
2. Hederacee. Corolla valvate in estivation. 
I prefer the name Hederacesz because it is not an innovation, He- 
dera Helix is a widely diffused and very characteristic plant of the 
` Order, and the few typical species at present retained in Aralia, having 
à quincuncial corolla, must be shifted to Apiaceæ. 
In many, but by no means in all Apiaceæ, the carpels separate me- 
chanically from the carpopods. In Hederacez the carpels also separate 
occasionally, but there are never any thread-like carpopods. So it may 
be stated that all Umbelliferee with separating carpels and distinct 
carpopods are genuine Apiaceæ, but that not all Apiaceæ have se- 
parating carpels and distinct carpopods. But the systematic value of 
the earpopod or carpophorum is depreciated by the recent observations 
. of Von Mohl, which tend to ‘show that the carpophorum is not a dis- 
tinct organ, but part and parcel of the carpels.* 
`- Crithmum mar itimum, as far as I have been able to learn from ex- 
amining specimens of the fruit not yet quite ripe, has two carpels which 
do not separate nor are furnished with distinct carpopods ; and this 
character, combined with the valvate nature of its corolla, point out the 
plant as a genuine Hederacea. 
I may add that Corneæ are chiefly distinguished from Hederaceæ, 
according to most authors, by their tetramerous flowers and opposite 
leaves. But there are Corneze with pentamerous flowers, for instance, 
Griselina and Corokia ; and Cornus alternifolius, Linn., is a familiar in- 
stance of alternate leaves. — Cornem agree in every respect with He- 
“The different views [taken of the nature - the carpophorum of Umbellif ere] 
di contradicted by a microscopie examination f the fruit, yielding as it does the 
result that a carpophorum distinct from the acu and joined to them by aceretion 
garded as an axial formation or (as De Candolle explains it) as the tei p the car- 
pellary leaf. Siy true state of the case becomes — if iu different heights of 
je Á— fruit, transverse sections are made and t e Coi - with vertical 
s." — Hugo dia e p * On the Carpophorum of Dabelliere Bot. a 
ey xxi. (1563) p. 2 
