136 PHANEROGAMIC FLORA OF SPITZBERGEN. 
altaicus, Laxm. sec. Ledeb. Fl. Ross.),. A Ri nivali differt R. sulphu- 
reus imprimis receptaculo fusco-hirsuto (in R. nivali, glabro), capitulis 
seminiferis fere globosis (in R: nivali, cylindricis), carpellis stylo at- 
tenuato erecto rostratis (in R, nivali rostro tenui horizontali munitis), 
foliis radicalibus suborbiculatis, margine multilobatis, basi cuneatis vel 
truncatis (in R. nivali, reniformibus, infra medium 5—7-partitis). R. fri- 
gidus, Willd. (=R. altaicus, Laxm.) petalis obcordatis, carpellis stylo 
subduplo longioribus a R. sulphureo differt. 
Wahlenberg, Hooker, R. Brown, and others, have made this good 
species a variety of R. nivalis, L., but the characters I have given, which 
are constant, sufficiently separate it. And from A. frigidus, Willd., it 
is also evidently different. 
General along all the coasts... On dry places, exposed to winds, it 
scarcely attains 2 inches in height, but under bird-cliffs, especially 
when they have a southern aspect, it gains a surprising development 
and luxuriance, reaching a height of 10-15 inches. 
The earliest flowering specimens were found on the 6th of July, at 
Treurenburg Bay, on the north-eastern side, lat. 80°; on the 27th of 
July it was gathered with flowers and fruit, at Brandywine Bay, lat. 
80° 24’, and was seen everywhere at the end of August with ripe seeds. 
— Parry gathered it on Walden Island ; Nordenskiöld brought it from 
Seven Island, near .81° lat., and I saw it at Hinlopen Strait, 1000 ft. 
above the sea, near to the snow-line. The luxuriant specimens (1 foot 
high) which Dr. Goés brought. from Norway Island, differ from the 
common forms in haying “ carpella fusco-hispidula," instead of “ car- 
pella glaberrima.” 
- 6. R. arcticus, Richardson, in Franklin’s Narrative, p. 741 ; R. affinis, 
R. Br. var. a, Hook, Fl. B. Am. p.12. t.6. f. Ava; .R. affinis, var. 
leiocarpa, f. microcalyx, Trautv. in. Middendorff’s Sibir. Reise, i. part 
> p. 62.—Near R. auricomus, f. alpestris, Hrtm., but distinguished 
by the channelled peduncles and smooth carpels, whose form and tex- 
ture agree with Hooker's figure. Found at. Cross Bay in flower and 
fruit on 10th August. 
PAPAVERACE®, Juss. 
T. Papaver nudicaule, L.— One of the most general and hardy plants 
of Spitzbergen, found wherever the ground is free from eternal ice and 
snow, and thriving rather better in a soil free. from organie consti- 
