144 PHANEROGAMIC FLORA OF SPITZBERGEN. 
snow in summer. It grows in every kind of soil, but thrives best 
under the bird-cliffs, where it forms small tufts 2—4 inches in dia- 
meter, and reaches a height of 10 inches; the common height is 5-6 
inches. In flower at Treurenburg Bay 6th July, and there seen 
flowering all summer. Walden Island, Parry ; Seven Island, lat. 80? N., 
1000 ft. above the sea, Nordenskiöld. 
50. S. rivularis, L.—Pretty general up to Brandywine Bay and 
Seven Island (Nordenskiöld), and on the mountain-sides to the snow- 
line. Inflower July 1st, at Treurenburg Bay, and afterwards during the 
whole summer. Growing in wet moss, it is precisely like the Euro- 
pean plant; but on gravelly and wet soil, it forms low (1 inch high) 
and close tufts, unlike the ordinary form in outward appearance, but 
not differing essentially from it. A remarkable form is the var. hyper- 
borea, R. Br. in Parry, which is not very rare on the north coast and 
at Hinlopen Strait. 
51. S. cespitosa, L.; S. grenlandica, S. uniflora, R. Br.— General on 
the coasts and islands up to Brandywine Bay; Walden Island, Parry, 
and Seven Island, Nordenskiöld. The ordinary form in the north is 
8. uniflora, R. Br., which forms close tufts 3—4 inches in diameter, and 
is found extending from the shore to the snow-line. At Magdalena 
Bay the typical plant was gathered 2000 ft. above the sea. At Treur- 
enburg Bay it flowered July 2nd, and continued in flower till. Sep- 
tember. 
52. Chrysosplenium alternifolium, L., var. tetrandrum, Lund.; Th. 
Fries, Bot. Notiser, 1858, p. 193.—Only met with yet, and but rarely, 
on the west coast at Bellsund, Ice Sound, and King's Bay. The fruit 
was nearly ripe, 15th August, at King's Bay. 
SYNANTHEREE, Rich. 
53. Arnica alpina, Murr. Ledeb. ; A. angustifolia, Fl. D. 1524; A. 
montana, B. Linn. Wbg. Fl. L. p. 210.—With a single flower, some- 
times with two or three; more than a foot high, the Spitzbergen 
plants are more beautiful and luxuriant than any we have seen on 
the mountains of Scandinavia. In full flower at Ice Sound, Green 
Harbour, some hundred feet abovo the sea, as well as on the plains 
southward of the entrance to Ice Sound in the beginning of Sep- 
tember. 
54. Erigeron uniflorus, L.; E. eriocephalus, J. Vahl; Fl. D. 2299; 
