112 PHANEROGAMIC FLORA OF SPITZBERGEN. 
The islands around. Lancaster Sound and. Barrow Straits, and those 
north of Melville Sound and Banks’s Strait, have a flora of 83 known 
species of Phanerogamia,* and of these 58 are found in Spitzbergen, 
They are, almost without, exception, north. coast plants, and to them 
belong the greater, part of. the species which are peculiar to the north 
coast and which are not found on the west. On the other hand, the 
35 species which are not found in the North American islands, belong, 
with few exceptions, to the. North European flora, and almost all the 
species peculiar to the west and not found on the north coast are in- 
cluded in this number. These 35 are :— 
Ranunculus glacialis, Ammadenia peploides.;, Luzula arctica. 
R: pygmaeus Stellaria humifusa Carex pulla. 
Cardamine in Potentilla nra: C. glareosa. 
Arabis alpina . emargina rupestris. 
Draba arctica. Saxifraga hieracifolia Cc : 
|. D. corymbosa. S. aizoides. Calamagrostis neglecta. 
D. hirta. Erigeron uniflorus. Dupontia psilosantha. 
D. nivalis. Tarax. phymatocarpum. Aira alpina. 
Wahlbergella affinis. Nardosmia frigida. Poa Tu. 
agina nivalis, Polemon. pulchellum. ^ P. alpigen 
~ Alsine biflora. Mertensia maritima. Catabrosa Yia 
, Arenaria ciliata. Empetrum nigrum 
The following conclusions naturally arise out of these comparisons 
of the plants of Spitzbergen with those of other polar regions :— 
1. The flora of Spitzbergen is richer in species than any other arctic 
region having the same latitude. The comparatively mild climate pro- 
duced by the Gulf Stream is undoubtedly the cause of this. The ob- 
servations made by our expedition clearly showed that it not only 
washed the western shores, but during part of the year was perceptible 
on the northern coasts. 
fallowing i ieget m soni) fpmpering the catalogues of plants which the 
Melville Island: -— bic ., long. 111? W.). Parry, in 1819-20, obtained 61 
species, which were ned by R, Brown and published in the Appendix to 
Firs yee 
Assistance Harbour (lat. 18° 40’ N., long. d 5? T domom e Sutherland 
y eg in 1850, which were determ 00 
f Lancaster Sound and Wellington Channel (lat. 74° -79° N.). i re 
of idee 8 © Expedition 1852-54, Arco aft species, which were determined by 
J. inn. 
Port Kennedy (la (lat. 712° N; fak 94° W.) and Pond’s s Bay (lat. 72° N., tes = 
Walker, in M MClintock’s last Franklin <r “i — ed 59s 
which were determined by J. D. Hooker, Proceed. Li 
