200 BOTANICAL EXPLORATIONS OF MR. SPRUCE. 
village of São Gabriel, situated about midway of the cachoeiras, or cataracts 
of the Rio Negro, and after remaining there some seven months, he proceeded 
year. Mr. Spruce found the Uaupés to possess a more novel and beautiful 
forest-vegetation than any other oes " South America, and his collections in- 
clude several undescribed genera, besides many species consis for their beauty 
and the value of their products. Mr. Spruce remained on the Uaupés until 
March, 1853, when he sailed out of it into the Rio Negro, and up the latter 
river beyond the Brazilian frontier, to San Carlos del Rio Negro. This village 
was his head-quarters during his stay in Venezuela, which extended to Novem- 
ber, 1854, or more than a year and a half. During that time he made two 
expeditions to the Orinoco, one by way of the icem and the other by the 
portage of Pimichin and the Atabapo. On the former of these, besides ex- 
amining the Casiquiari, both ascending and dadde, he explored its tribu- 
tary, the Pacimoni, to its source, among the lofty and picturesque mountains 
iid Iméi and Tibiali; as also the river Cunucunüma, which bathes the 
estern foot of the immense granite mass of Dinda, and enters the Orinoco a 
little below the bifurcation of the Casiquiari. On his second visit to the Ori- 
noco, he went as far down as to the cataracts of Maypures, rendered famous 
by the narrative of Humboldt and Bonpland. There and elsewhere in the 
region of the Upper Orinoco and Rio Negro he gathered many of the plants 
discovered by ees illustrious travellers, and not since seen by any botanist. 
e also tructed maps of the bibo: unsurveyed rivers, Cunueunáma and 
Pacimoni. Leaving Venezuela, he descended the Rio Negro, and reached 
the Barra do Rio Negro about the end of 1854, after an absence of above three 
March, 1857, Mr. Spruce left Tarapoto for Ecuador, descending the ga 
its confluence with the Marañon, then ascendin latter river and its 
affluents the Pastasa and Bombonasa to Canelos; finally, through the forest of 
Canelos on foot to the village of Baños, at the foot of the voleano of Tungu- 
ragua. In this disastrous journey, which occupied a hundred days, he had to 
abandon all his goods in ba forest, to escape perishing of hunger at the passage 
of swollen rivers. Making Baños his head-quarters, he devoted above six 
months to the explico of the forests and paramos of its huge volcano, and 
of the upper part of the valley of the Pastasa. In January, 1858, he removed 
