NEW PUBLICATIONS, 919 
irregularly distributed in four widely-separated spiral ranks, so that the 
half of each scale is uncovered, although the successive scales of the 
same continuous cycle frequently overlap one another at the base to the 
extent of half their surface. In both species the shoots bear a tuft of 
leaf-buds at their extremity, but in Q. pedunculata these buds are more 
numerous, less closely crowded, and more vigorous, than in Q. sessili- 
flora. In the former the end-bud is surrounded by a number of strong 
active buds, in the latter the end-bud is encircled by a number of 
abortive side-buds, the active buds being, moreover, not so densely 
packed as they are in Q. pedunculata, but more distant one from the 
other, owing to the early development of the internodes. In shoots of 
very old trees, on the other hand, in which the terminal bud is almost 
always abortive, the active side-buds are thrust forwards into a cluster, 
so that in thiscase the shape of the bud supplies the only means of dis- 
tinguishing the two species. The form of the leaves affords the most 
definite characters. In the recently opened bud of Q. sessiliflora, the 
young leaf is elliptic, provided with a long stalk, its secondary nerves are 
very prominent, and project beyond the margin of the lobes in the form 
of little spiny points. The young leaf of Q. pedunculata, on the other 
hand, is very shortly stalked, spathulate, twisted, its lobes are long, nar- 
row, and wavy, separated one from the other by deeper notches than in 
the other species. The fully developed leaf of Q. sessiliflora is almost 
rhomb-shaped, with a stalk of considerable length, the two halves of the 
leaf-blade are nearly symmetrical; and the base is divided into two . 
ear-shaped lobes, which are decurrent along the sides of the leaf-stalk. 
The leaf of Q. pedunculata has a very short stalk, is spathulate, and its 
two halves are mostly unsymmetrical. The secondary nerves scarcely 
reach the margin of the lobés, but break up into a network, and ana- 
stomose with the tertiary nerves. The lobes are more sinuous in out- 
line than in Q. sessiliflora, and are slightly emarginate at the apex, so 
that the extremity of each lobe is somewhat heart-shaped. The base 
of the leaf is very wavy, and is divided on either side of the leaf-stalk 
into ear-shaped appendages. i 
Tf the characters thus mentioned by Dr. Möhl were invariable, and 
always as clearly discernible as they appear in the lithographs accom- 
panying this memoir, there would be little difficulty in coming to a de- 
cision as to which species a twig, with the buds attached to it, might 
~ belong; but, so far as our own experience goes, the points of discrimi- 
