106 NEW BRITISH LICHENS. 
though its discovery has been recorded by Mr. Carroll in this Journal, 
it has not hitherto been anywhere described. 
3. Lecidea lithophiliza, Nyl.; thallus greyish-white, firm, unequally 
deplanate, areolate-diffractate or  areolate-rimose, thin; apothecia 
brownish-black, brown when moist, somewhat plane or convex, immar- 
ginate, white within; spores 8 in thecæ, colourless, oblong, simple, 
0:009—0-017 mm. long, 0:0035—0:0045 mm. thick; paraphyses of 
medium thickness, livid-brown at top; hypothecium chalky-white in 
the middle, and black in the lower stratum ; hymeneal gelatine dis- 
tinctly blue with iodine. 
On micaceous stones of a wall near Portlethen, in Kincardineshire, 
south of Aberdeen. August, 1868. Though plentiful in one spot, 
I vainly searched for it elsewhere in that neighbourhood. Its specific 
name would seem to indicate its propinquity to ZL. lithophila, Ach., a. 
species common on the granitic mountains of Braemar, but Nylander 
observes, that it ought rather to occupy a place amongst the Biatore, 
near L. pheops, Nyl., a plant of Ben Lawers and Cader Idris. 
. L. sarcogyniza, Nyl. ; thallus obscurely greyish-green, or sub- 
Poesie opaque, thin, indeterminate; apothecia black, plane, mar- 
ginal, the margin usually flexuose, Midi within; spores 8 in thecze, 
colourless, oblong, 0:007—0:011 mm. long, about 0:003 mm. thick ; 
thalamium colourless, paraphyses of medium thickness, club-shaped, 
and blackish at apex; hypothecium under the hymenium distinctly 
brown; perithecium blackish or black. 
On quartzose stones of wall by railway, a little beyond the Bay of 
Nigg in Kineardineshire. August, 1868. Apparently very rare, but 
may be found elsewhere in that district, as it is very apt to be over- 
looked as a mere state of LL. lithophila. The plant follows the de- 
pressions and chinks in the stones. 
5. L. commaculans, Nyl.; thallus brownish-black or black, thin, 
subareolate, depressed, usually scattered, indeterminate; apothecia 
black, small, convex, scarcely margined, concolorous within; spores 8 
in thecz, colourless, oblong, 0:008—0-011 mm. long, 0:003—4 mm. 
broad; paraphyses not discrete, epithecium blackish, hypothecium 
thickish, reddish-brown ; hymeneal gelatine blue with iodine. 
On hard felspathic boulders of Morrone, in Braemar. August, 
1868. Apparently rare towards the north-west brow of the mountain, 
amongst heaps of broken rocks, and, from the nature of the stone, 
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