188 REPORT OF THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BOTANIST. 
great Murray system, were not allowed to flow unutilized into the 
ocean. 
Waterholes are sunk into tenacious clay soil on the higher-lying 
parts of the ridge, for securing the storage of Yan Yean water during 
rainy nights; and from these reservoirs the water is led readily during 
the hottest weather, by gravitation, to the plantations on the slopes 
below. 
The abandoned quarries have been decorated with Agaves, Aloes, 
Mesembryanthema, some Pelargonia, and other rock-plants; while 
Brambles, Strawberries, and other wild fruit-plants, attractive to chil- 
dren, have been planted in the gullies. Goodenias, Roses, and other 
shrubs line the river and lagoons. The Fern-tree gulley has been ex- 
tended, and to the various hardy arborescent Ferns, some perhaps a 
century old, huge square Todeas of great age, Staghorn Ferns, and 
very many other species, were added in masses. The kinds of hedges 
now shown in different parts of the ground are very various, but that 
of Pittosporum eugenioides, first adopted by myself, is most admired, 
and called forth an extensive trade in this plant. Four other New 
Zealand Pittospora, as well as our native P. undulatum, are among 
those chosen for hedges. The Chamomile edgings, as time absorbing 
as defertilizing, and apt to be trodden down, are being gradually abo- 
lished. Turkish Box, dwarf Roses, Veronica decussata, Rosemary, 
and most particularly Mesembryanthemum tegens, are substituted. The 
latter plant can be obtained largely from the Yarra flat, never fails in 
the heat of summer, and grows so depressed as to need only lateral 
trimming. Although large improvements have taken place on all the 
lawns, they still require gradually to be turfed with Cynodon dactylon, 
a grass which is within a few weeks established, by casting its rhizomes, 
converted into small pieces, over the broken and levelled ground,—a 
process extensively adopted by the director of the Sydney Botanical 
Garden; it tends also much to subdue weeds. On the even surfaces 
of ground clothed with Cynodon, an ever-verdant fine turf can be main- 
tained by the ready appliance of lawn-cutters and rollers. Banded 
flower- masses might be interwoven; but as yet such works of luxury, 
for which, after the lapse of the season, no permanent return can be 
shown, have not been attempted in this young establishment. There 
is, nevertheless, a gay display of flowers in the special garden-land 
through the greater part of the year; indeed, the variety is far greater 
