REPORT OF THE VICTORIAN GOVERNMENT BOTANIST. 199 
Mocker-nut (Carya tomentosa), of the delicious Pecan-nut (Carya oli- 
viformis), the Butter-nut (Juglans cinerea), the Black Walnut (J. nigra), 
the Himalayan Oak (Quercus incana), the Chestnut Oak (Q. Castanea), 
the American Swamp Oak (Q. Prinos), the Bur Oak (Q. macrocarpa), 
the White Oak (Q. alba, a most valuable timber tree), the Jersey Pine 
(Pinus inops), the American Pitch Fir (P. rigida), the Douglass Pine, 
the noble Himalayan P. longifolia, the Chinese Fir, the Balm of Gilead 
Fir (P. balsamea), the double Canada Balsam Fir (P. Fraseri), the 
West India Pencil Cedar (Juniperus Bermudiana), and the American 
Cherry Birch (Betula lenta). 
Many other highly valuable trees have been lately introduced, but 
not really in masses. Secured were, however, large supplies of the 
seeds of Pinus Gerardiana (the Tibet Ree or Shungtee), which fur- 
nishes sweet edible nuts for Indian and Persian bazaars; and grains 
also were obtained in quantity of Juniperus religiosa (the Himalayan 
Pencil Cedar). Many good-sized plants of the latter have been several 
years on our lawns. Nearly all the tree seeds from the United States, 
were obtained through the generous aid of Professor Asa Gray, of 
ston. 
Perhaps the most remarkable of all plants lately brought under cul- 
tivation is the deadly poisonous Physostigma venenosum, the Calabar 
Ordeal Bean, a plant of the utmost importance in ophthalmic diseases. 
The large hard bean was buried fully four years in soil before it ger- 
minated. 
As decenniz roll on, many of the trees, which under great efforts are 
now introduced, will undoubtedly bear prominence in our forest culture, 
—a great subject, which more and more presses on legislative attention, 
since already so much of the native timber in all the lowlands has been 
consigned to destruction. If, in densely-populated countries like 
Belgium, one-fifth of the whole of its territory is scrupulously kept 
under forest culture, it ought to be a final aim, in a far hotter clime, to 
maintain a still greater proportion of its area covered by woods, if the 
comforts and multifarious wants of a dense population are to be timely 
provided for. It is especially in the western and northern parts of 
Vietoria where exertions in this direction have to be made; it is there 
Where extensive shelter and retention of humidity is needed, and there 
also where artesian borings on spots, indicative as eligible, would vastly 
promote the raising of forests. 
