242 NEW PUBLICATIONS. 
curacy of which Mr. Tuffen West’s name is a sufficient guarantee, 
follow next. The difference in microscopie structure (plate i.) of bark 
grown in sunshine and in shade (the latter condition favouring su- 
berous growth), and under moss and in the open garden, is very 
remarkable. In plate ii. there are figures of the microscopical struc- 
ture of those barks which have been “renewed” by “mossing.” 
Plate iii. (fig.e8) is very curious, being representations of scalariform 
tissue found in renewed ba 
In the ‘ Chemical and Microscopical Observations,’ which is really 
the body of the work, we have much useful information. Under the 
head of * Elevation above the sea level,” some notes of the greatest 
practical importance to the cultivator occur, from which it appears 
that it is useless to attempt the cultivation of these plants at a lower 
level than 4000 feet above the sea. As affecting the whole question 
of acclimatization in the Neilgherries, the analyses of four specimens 
of bark are not to be lost sight of. Some seeds and bark of Cinchona 
officinalis, L., were received by Mr. Howard from Uritusinga (Peru), 
the total yield of alkaloid being 3:11 per cent. 
From these seeds, plants were raised in England the bark of which 
yielded 1:93 per cent. Mr. Howard then gave a living plant, 6 feet 
high, to the Indian Government, which, after losing its leaves in the 
passage out by sunstroke and partly recovering in India, yielded 2°36 
per cent., while plants raised from it in India yielded 3:33 per cent. 
e “effect of sunlight" favours “the production of cinchonidine 
and dense shade that of cinchonine, whilst it appears from other 
observations for quinine, that the leaves should be well exposed to 
light, whilst the stem bark is shaded from the direct action of the 
As a commercial question of great interest, we learn with satisfac- 
tion that the first importations of bark (Cinchona suecirubra, Pavon) to 
England from India, have met with great favour, giving, by analysis, 
6:8 per cent. of alkaloidal contents; and, in the case of Ceylon, the 
remittance of the bark of C. officinalis and succirubra, though only of 
three years’ growth, and consequently immature, fetched a higher price 
than South American bark of the same species. 
A great deal of the remunerative success of the undertaking depends 
on “ mossing the bark," and we may remark with Mr. Howard in his 
“ Conclusion,” that Mr. M‘Ivor’s plan of mossing is an important dis- 
