SOLAR CHANGES OF TEMPERATURE. 181 



THE INTERVALS BETWEEN THE PULSES. 



There will obviously- be intervals between the ending of one pulse 

 and the beginning of the next, unless they either overlap or become 

 continuous. 



The + and — pulses, to which our attention has been chiefly directed, 

 are limited in duration; and when they cease the quantity of rain which 

 falls in the India area is not sufficient without water storage for the 

 purposes of agriculture; thev are followed, therefore, b}^ droughts, 

 and at times subsequently by famines. 



Taking the period 1877-1889 we have 



Eaiii from — pulse. 



79 (part) 

 f79 (part) 



No rain pulse <80 (central year) 



isi (part) 

 81 (part) 



Rain from + pulse. 



82 

 83 



84 (part) 

 (-84 (part) 



^'^ >( central years) 



No rain pulse 



87 (part) 

 .87 (part) 



.... /88 



Rain troni — pulse ioq 



The duration of these + and — pulses of rainfall was determined 

 in the first instance by the Mauritius rainfall, which shows both pulses; 

 and later from the Malabar rainfall, which perhaps shows the efi'ect 

 of the southwest monsoon in its greatest purity. 



All the Indian famines since 1836 (we have not gone back further) 

 have occurred in these intervals, so far as they can be carried back on 

 the assimiption of an eleven-year cycle. 



The following tables show the result for the two intervals: 



The interval between the pulses, taking 1880 as the central year, on the vpward curve. 



1880 Madras famine. 

 N.W.P. famine. 

 1880—11=1869, N.W.P. famine (1868-69). 

 1869-11=1858, N.W.P. famine (1860). 

 1858-11=1847. 

 1847—11=1836, Upper India famine (1837-38). (Great famine. ) 



The interval between the puhes, taking 1885-86 as the central years, on the descending curve. 



1885-86l?r^T^ *f°^^?^ 1(1884-85). 

 \Madras famine/'^ '' 



1885-86— 11 =1874-75, N.W.P. famine (1873-74). 



Bombay famine (1875-76) . 



Bombay faniine l( 1876-77). 

 Upper India famine/'' 



