420 GEOGKAPHIC CONQUESTS (W THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 



On June 1 ho set out, and after two months reached Lake Noaini 

 whieh he found set in the midst of a hixurious. densely populated 

 country. He was not aide, however, to advance farther and thus 

 returned to his station without seeing the chief. 



Two 3'ears later he renewed his etl'ort, passed Lake Ngami, and 

 finally reached the I'^pper Zambezi at a place called Sesheke, over 1,000 

 miles from its outlet. Livingstone was a Scotsman and had never seen 

 a real river before, and we can imagine what an effect this mighty 

 stream, discovered 1,000 miles from the coast, and whose origin or 

 outlet he knew not, must have had upon him. 



He was now 750 miles from his mission post, and through his entire 

 march he had been continually discovering lakes, rivers, and largel}^ 

 populated towns whose existence had previously been imsuspected. It 

 came upon him that his true mission was to open up Africa, and he 

 therefore returned to the Ciipe to prepare himself for the work. 



In the sunmier of 1852 he retraced his route to the Upper Zambezi 

 and followed its basin westward for some distance and then pushed 

 farther west until he finally reached the Atlantic Ocean at St. Paul de 

 Loanda. He then returned to the basin of the Zambezi. In all his 

 travels Livingstone never named any lak(\ ri\er. or mountain that he 

 discovered, but hi' had not descended the Zambezi many miles before 

 he came u})on a grand fall whose waters were dashed upon the rocks 

 800 feet l)elow. A loyal subject, he named the falls after his (^ueeti, 

 •"Victoria." He finally reached the Indian Ocean at Quilimane. thus 

 being the first white man to c-ross the continent. 



Tn 1S58 he began his second great exploration, which ivsulted in 

 tracing the course of the Shire River, a tributary of the Zambezi, and 

 the discovery of Lakes Nyassa and Shira, feed lakes of the Zambezi. 



The problems of the Niger and Zamlx'zi had thus been solved, lait 

 the Nile and Kongo still remained a mystery. In 1851) Captains 

 Burton and Speke started from Zanzibar to discover a lake of which 

 rumors had for a long time been heard, and in a few months succeeded 

 in reaching Lake Tanganyika. Keturnin.g to the coast they separated, 

 Burton taking a southerly route and Speke a more northerly one. 

 Speke beheld in the far distance another great lake, the Victoria 

 Nyanza, and in 1861 returned w^ith Grant to explore it. On circling 

 the lake the}' found a large river leading to the north, which the}' 

 followed for sonie distance, when they came upon Baker (afterwards 

 Sir Samuel), who had been following it, the White Nile, from Khartum. 

 Baker later continued his search westward and discovered a smaller 

 lake which he called ''Albert Nyanza."" Thus, by the discovery of 

 Lakes Victoria Nyanza and Albert N\'anza the feed lakes of the Nile 

 were definitely determined. 



In 1865 Livingstone set out for the region of Lake Tanganyika and 

 discovered Lakes Moero and Baugweolo, and explored the Luapula 



