GEOGRAPHIC CONQUESTS OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY. 421 



River, which llow.s from Lake Moero and is the main head stream of 

 the Kongo, though he did not know it, but probabl}' suspected it. 



The world became alarmed at not hearing from him for some time, 

 and Stanley was dispatched to find him by James Gordon Bennett, of 

 the JS^ew York Herald. 



Stanley cut across from Zanzibar and found him at Ujiji, on Lake 

 Tanganyika. He had been surrounded by Arab slavers, his supplies 

 destroyed, and his communication with the seacoast interrupted. 

 After being relieved by Stanley, Livingstone returned to Lake 

 Bangweolo, where he died in 1873. His faithful followers bore his 

 body to the seacoast and later it was carried to England and buried in 

 Westminster Abbe}'. 



Stanley took up the work of Livingstone. After circling Victoria 

 Nyanza, he explored Albert Nyanza and Tanganyika and discovered 

 Albert Edward Nyanza. He then descended the Lualalja Basin, which 

 brought him to the Kongo, which he followed to the ocean. 



Stanley was thus able to solve the last great African problem, 

 namely, that Tangan^aka and the waters west of it belonged to the 

 basin of the Kongo and not to the Nile. 



But of more practical value than the determination of the question 

 of the head waters of this river was the opening up to the commerce 

 of the world of the densely populated countries along the banks of the 

 Kongo and its tributaries. 



In 1887 Stanley started to cross Africa again, this time from west 

 to east, to relieve Emin Pasha. After leaving the Kongo he forced 

 his way through a vast, almost impenetrable forest, and saw the pig- 

 mies, discovered by Du Chaillu twenty-five years before, and the 

 Mountains of the Moon. 



In this brief summary it is possible to mention only a few of the 

 dauntless explorers who before and since the time of Livingstone and 

 Stanley have helped to render obsolete the term of ''Dark Conti- 

 nent"— the imaginative Du Chaillu, the botanist Schweinfurt; the 

 gallant Cameron, who was the first to cross Africa from east to west 

 (1873-1875); Serpa Pinto, the Portuguese political explorer; Wiss- 

 mann, who discovered the left affluents of the Kongo, and Donaldson 

 Smith, who traced Lake Rudolf in 1891-95 and in 1900 crossed the 

 country between that lake and the Nile, the last inhabited area of 

 importance that was unexplored. 



The feat of young Grogan, who traversed the continent from the 

 Cape to Cairo, during the greater part of the way without a white 

 companion, was a fitting conclusion to African exploration of the 

 nineteenth century. 



