﻿58 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  National 
  Monument 
  does 
  to 
  the 
  Upper. 
  The 
  great 
  kiva 
  at 
  Aztec, 
  

   in 
  New 
  Mexico, 
  lately 
  excavated, 
  bears 
  a 
  somewhat 
  similar 
  rela- 
  

   tionship 
  to 
  the 
  main 
  ruin, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  several 
  of 
  the 
  Chaco 
  Canyon 
  

   ruins 
  where 
  similar 
  conditions 
  prevail. 
  

  

  The 
  site 
  of 
  Pipe 
  Shrine 
  House 
  when 
  work 
  began 
  was 
  a 
  low 
  mound 
  

   covered 
  with 
  sagebrush 
  with 
  a 
  saucerlike 
  depression 
  in 
  the 
  center, 
  

   not 
  unlike 
  several 
  others 
  in 
  the 
  immediate 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Far 
  View 
  

   House. 
  The 
  removal 
  of 
  vegetation 
  and 
  debris 
  and 
  an 
  excavation 
  of 
  

   the 
  rooms 
  revealed 
  a 
  rectangular 
  building 
  70 
  by 
  60 
  feet, 
  with 
  walls 
  

   averaging 
  one 
  story 
  high. 
  It 
  had 
  indications 
  of 
  a 
  lofty 
  tower 
  in 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  western 
  side, 
  which 
  must 
  have 
  imparted 
  to 
  the 
  

   building 
  somewhat 
  the 
  appearance 
  of 
  a 
  church 
  steeple 
  or 
  the 
  minaret 
  

   of 
  a 
  mosque. 
  The 
  large 
  room 
  was 
  situated 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  

   ruin, 
  its 
  floor 
  being 
  about 
  20 
  feet 
  below 
  that 
  of. 
  the 
  other 
  rooms. 
  

   This 
  subterranean 
  room 
  is 
  a 
  kiva, 
  but 
  it 
  differs 
  from 
  others 
  of 
  like 
  

   type 
  on 
  the 
  park 
  in 
  that 
  it 
  has 
  no 
  fireplace 
  in 
  the 
  center 
  of 
  the 
  

   floor, 
  no 
  ventilator 
  or 
  deflector, 
  and 
  has 
  eight 
  mural 
  pilasters 
  in- 
  

   stead 
  of 
  six 
  to 
  support 
  the 
  roof. 
  The 
  fallen 
  walls 
  within 
  showed 
  

   indications 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  conflagration, 
  the 
  stones 
  and 
  adobe 
  being 
  

   turned 
  red 
  and 
  the 
  walls 
  turned 
  bright 
  red 
  by 
  the 
  great 
  heat. 
  On 
  

   the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  kiva 
  was 
  an 
  inclosure 
  set 
  off 
  by 
  a 
  semicircular 
  wall 
  

   where 
  the 
  action 
  of 
  fire 
  was 
  particularly 
  evident. 
  In 
  the 
  inclosure 
  

   were 
  found 
  many 
  votive 
  offerings, 
  the 
  most 
  numerous 
  of 
  which 
  

   were 
  a 
  dozen 
  clay 
  tobacco 
  pipes 
  of 
  various 
  shapes 
  and 
  sizes, 
  one 
  

   or 
  two 
  decorated 
  on 
  their 
  exteriors. 
  These 
  pipes, 
  which 
  are 
  the 
  

   first 
  ever 
  found 
  on 
  the 
  Mesa 
  Verde, 
  evidently 
  had 
  been 
  smoked 
  

   by 
  the 
  priests 
  and 
  then 
  thrown 
  into 
  the 
  shrine. 
  Besides 
  the 
  

   pipes 
  the 
  shrine 
  also 
  contained 
  several 
  fine 
  stone 
  knives, 
  small 
  

   decorated 
  clay 
  platters, 
  various 
  fetishes, 
  and 
  other 
  objects. 
  Pipe 
  

   Shrine 
  House 
  was 
  entered 
  on 
  the 
  south 
  by 
  two 
  doorways, 
  midway 
  

   between 
  which 
  a 
  large 
  pictograph 
  of 
  a 
  coiled 
  serpent 
  was 
  incised 
  on 
  

   a 
  large 
  stone 
  set 
  in 
  the 
  wall. 
  To 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  the 
  building 
  there 
  was 
  

   a 
  plaza 
  surrounded 
  by 
  a 
  retaining 
  wall 
  and 
  directly 
  opposite 
  one 
  of 
  

   the 
  entrances 
  there 
  are 
  aboriginal 
  steps 
  which 
  lead 
  to 
  a 
  rectangular 
  

   shrine 
  4 
  feet 
  in 
  size, 
  in 
  which 
  were 
  found 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  water- 
  

   worn 
  stones 
  surrounding 
  a 
  large 
  stone 
  image 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  lion. 
  

   The 
  contents 
  of 
  this 
  shrine 
  were 
  replaced, 
  the 
  mountain 
  lion 
  left 
  

   in 
  his 
  original 
  position, 
  and 
  the 
  inclosure 
  covered 
  with 
  a 
  netting 
  

   to 
  prevent 
  the 
  possible 
  removing 
  of 
  the 
  objects 
  from 
  their 
  places. 
  

   Other 
  shrines 
  and 
  several 
  stone 
  idols 
  of 
  considerable 
  size 
  were 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  neighborhood. 
  The 
  idols 
  found 
  at 
  Pipe 
  Shrine 
  House 
  

   represent 
  the 
  snake, 
  mountain 
  lion, 
  mountain 
  sheep, 
  and 
  bird 
  — 
  an 
  

   important 
  discovery, 
  as 
  previously 
  only 
  one 
  stone 
  animal 
  idol 
  had 
  

   been 
  found 
  at 
  the 
  Mesa 
  Verde 
  Park. 
  

  

  