﻿70 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  was 
  concluded 
  with 
  great 
  ceremony. 
  At 
  the 
  urgent 
  request 
  of 
  the 
  

   Arikara 
  the 
  sacred 
  chant 
  and 
  dance 
  of 
  the 
  calumet 
  was 
  used 
  to 
  ce- 
  

   ment 
  this 
  union. 
  

  

  In 
  Vernon 
  and 
  Bates 
  Counties, 
  western 
  Missouri, 
  near 
  the 
  junction 
  

   of 
  the 
  Osage 
  and 
  Marmiton 
  Rivers, 
  Mr. 
  Myer 
  found 
  several 
  sites 
  

   known 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Osage 
  Indians 
  in 
  early 
  historic 
  

   times, 
  shortly 
  after 
  they 
  had 
  come 
  in 
  contact 
  with 
  the 
  whites. 
  

  

  The 
  largest 
  Osage 
  village 
  in 
  Vernon 
  County 
  was 
  situated 
  at 
  Old 
  

   Town, 
  on 
  Old 
  Town 
  Creek, 
  about 
  3^ 
  miles 
  south 
  of 
  Pikes 
  village 
  

   of 
  the 
  Grand 
  Osage. 
  This 
  site 
  covers 
  about 
  40 
  acres 
  and 
  is 
  the 
  best 
  

   known 
  of 
  any 
  of 
  the 
  Osage 
  sites. 
  It 
  has 
  yielded 
  a 
  large 
  amount 
  of 
  

   iron 
  axes, 
  gun 
  barrels, 
  gunlocks, 
  fragments 
  of 
  brass 
  kettles, 
  glass 
  

   beads, 
  and 
  other 
  articles 
  of 
  early 
  white 
  manufacture, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  

   objects 
  of 
  purely 
  aboriginal 
  origin. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  picturesque 
  Indian 
  site 
  in 
  this 
  Osage 
  region 
  is 
  Halleys 
  

   Bluff, 
  on 
  the 
  Osage 
  River, 
  about 
  1\ 
  miles 
  downstream 
  from 
  where 
  

   the 
  Marmiton 
  and 
  Marais 
  des 
  Cygnes 
  unite 
  to 
  form 
  the 
  Osage 
  River. 
  

   There 
  is 
  evidence 
  showing 
  occupancy 
  of 
  this 
  bluff 
  by 
  Indians 
  long 
  

   before 
  the 
  coming 
  of 
  the 
  white 
  man 
  and 
  probably 
  before 
  the 
  coming 
  

   of 
  the 
  Osages. 
  

  

  During 
  the 
  month 
  of 
  October, 
  1921, 
  Mr. 
  David 
  I. 
  Bushnell, 
  jr., 
  

   visited 
  Scott 
  Field, 
  east 
  of 
  Belleville, 
  111., 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  getting 
  

   airplane 
  pictures 
  of 
  the 
  Cahokia 
  mounds. 
  The 
  commanding 
  officer 
  

   of 
  the 
  field, 
  Maj. 
  Frank 
  M. 
  Kennedy, 
  appreciating 
  the 
  interest 
  and 
  

   importance 
  of 
  the 
  work, 
  detailed 
  Lieuts. 
  Harold 
  R. 
  Wells 
  and 
  Ashley 
  

   C. 
  McKinley, 
  of 
  the 
  Air 
  Service, 
  to 
  make 
  the 
  pictures. 
  They 
  suc- 
  

   ceeded 
  in 
  making 
  some 
  very 
  interesting 
  photographs 
  of 
  mounds 
  in 
  

   the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  Cahokia, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  of 
  the 
  great 
  mound 
  itself, 
  but 
  

   unfortunately 
  the 
  photographic 
  apparatus 
  at 
  that 
  time 
  available 
  at 
  

   Scott 
  Field 
  was 
  not 
  suitable, 
  and 
  although 
  the 
  pictures 
  obtained 
  were 
  

   not 
  very 
  clear, 
  nevertheless 
  no 
  better 
  results 
  could 
  have 
  been 
  secured 
  

   with 
  the 
  cameras 
  which 
  they 
  were 
  obliged 
  to 
  use. 
  Four 
  of 
  the 
  pic- 
  

   tures 
  made 
  by 
  Lieutenants 
  Wells 
  and 
  McKinley 
  were 
  reproduced 
  as 
  

   Figures 
  101, 
  102, 
  103, 
  and 
  104 
  in 
  Explorations 
  and 
  Field 
  Work 
  of 
  the 
  

   Smithsonian 
  Institution 
  in 
  1921 
  and 
  should 
  prove 
  of 
  special 
  interest 
  

   as 
  the 
  first 
  photographs 
  of 
  American 
  earthworks 
  made 
  from 
  the 
  air. 
  

  

  The 
  article 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  four 
  airplane 
  pictures 
  were 
  used 
  was 
  pre- 
  

   pared 
  for 
  the 
  purpose 
  of 
  showing 
  the 
  great 
  importance 
  of 
  the 
  Cahokia 
  

   group 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  related 
  groups 
  to 
  the 
  north, 
  west, 
  and 
  south 
  

   of 
  Cahokia. 
  The 
  southern 
  group, 
  although 
  many 
  of 
  the 
  units 
  have 
  

   been 
  destroyed, 
  is 
  of 
  special 
  interest. 
  It 
  is 
  situated 
  near 
  the 
  left 
  

   bank 
  of 
  the 
  Mississippi, 
  opposite 
  Jefferson 
  Barracks. 
  Bits 
  of 
  pot- 
  

   tery, 
  chips 
  of 
  flint, 
  and 
  other 
  traces 
  of 
  a 
  settlement, 
  together 
  with 
  

   stone-lined 
  graves 
  in 
  the 
  vicinity 
  of 
  the 
  mounds, 
  may 
  indicate 
  the 
  

   position 
  of 
  a 
  village 
  of 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  Illinois 
  tribes 
  two 
  centuries 
  or 
  

   more 
  ago. 
  

  

  