﻿310 
  ANNUAL, 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  ful 
  existence 
  under 
  the 
  Spanish 
  regime, 
  and 
  since 
  that 
  time 
  its 
  his- 
  

   tory 
  has 
  been 
  somewhat 
  less 
  turbulent 
  than 
  that 
  of 
  some 
  of 
  its 
  neigh- 
  

   bors. 
  

  

  As 
  seems 
  to 
  be 
  the 
  case 
  with 
  all 
  small 
  countries, 
  the 
  Salvadoreans 
  

   are 
  very 
  loyal 
  to 
  their 
  own 
  land, 
  and 
  their 
  loyalty 
  and 
  patriotism 
  

   are 
  based 
  upon 
  thorough 
  personal 
  acquaintance 
  with 
  their 
  country, 
  

   for 
  standing 
  upon 
  almost 
  any 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  mountains 
  in 
  which 
  the 
  

   land 
  abounds, 
  it 
  is 
  possible 
  to 
  view 
  nearly 
  the 
  whole 
  Republic, 
  from 
  

   the 
  mountains 
  of 
  Guatemala 
  to 
  the 
  west, 
  along 
  the 
  great 
  blue 
  moun- 
  

   tain 
  wall 
  of 
  Honduras, 
  to 
  the 
  peaks 
  of 
  Nicaragua 
  which 
  rise 
  in 
  the 
  

   far 
  distance 
  of 
  the 
  east, 
  beyond 
  the 
  Gulf 
  of 
  Fonseca. 
  The 
  Salva- 
  

   doreans 
  have 
  always 
  been 
  the 
  most 
  enthusiastic 
  advocates 
  of 
  the 
  Cen- 
  

   tral 
  American 
  Federation, 
  the 
  union 
  of 
  the 
  five 
  States 
  as 
  one 
  govern- 
  

   ment, 
  which 
  did 
  exist 
  for 
  a 
  series 
  of 
  years 
  after 
  the 
  liberation 
  in 
  1821 
  

   of 
  Central 
  America 
  from 
  Spanish 
  dominion, 
  and 
  they 
  were 
  very 
  bitter 
  

   when 
  at 
  the 
  end 
  of 
  1921 
  the 
  most 
  recent 
  attempt 
  to 
  resuscitate 
  that 
  

   union 
  resulted 
  in 
  failure. 
  A 
  well-known 
  traveler, 
  John 
  L. 
  Stephens, 
  

   sent 
  by 
  the 
  American 
  Government 
  as 
  a 
  special 
  minister 
  to 
  Central 
  

   America 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  dissolution 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  Central 
  American 
  

   Federation, 
  about 
  80 
  years 
  ago, 
  after 
  having 
  traversed 
  the 
  whole 
  

   region 
  between 
  Guatemala 
  City 
  and 
  the 
  capital 
  of 
  Costa 
  Rica, 
  speaks 
  

   of 
  the 
  inhabitants 
  of 
  Salvador, 
  then 
  fighting 
  under 
  the 
  famous 
  

   patriot, 
  Morazan, 
  against 
  the 
  Guatemalans, 
  in 
  the 
  following 
  words: 
  

  

  From 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  the 
  independence 
  this 
  State 
  stood 
  foremost 
  in 
  the 
  mninte- 
  

   nance 
  of 
  liberal 
  principles, 
  and 
  throughout 
  it 
  exhibits 
  an 
  appearance 
  of 
  im- 
  

   provement, 
  a 
  freedom 
  from 
  bigotry 
  and 
  fanaticism, 
  and 
  a 
  development 
  of 
  physi- 
  

   cal 
  and 
  moral 
  energy 
  not 
  found 
  in 
  any 
  other 
  [Central 
  American 
  country]. 
  The 
  

   Salvadoreans 
  are 
  the 
  only 
  men 
  who 
  speak 
  of 
  sustaining 
  the 
  integrity 
  of 
  the 
  

   Republic 
  as 
  a 
  point 
  of 
  national 
  honor. 
  

  

  The 
  same 
  characteristics 
  are 
  strikingly 
  noticeable 
  to-day. 
  No 
  

   other 
  part 
  of 
  Central 
  America 
  except 
  Costa 
  Rica 
  is 
  so 
  far 
  advanced 
  

   in 
  political 
  affairs 
  and 
  physical 
  improvements. 
  The 
  country 
  has 
  the 
  

   advantage 
  of 
  possessing 
  a 
  population 
  that 
  is 
  industrious 
  to 
  a 
  re- 
  

   markable 
  degree, 
  progressive, 
  and 
  intelligent. 
  There 
  are 
  few 
  for- 
  

   eigners 
  in 
  Salvador, 
  and 
  the 
  greater 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  wealth 
  has 
  remained 
  

   in 
  the 
  hands 
  of 
  the 
  native 
  people. 
  There 
  is 
  no 
  negro 
  population 
  as 
  

   in 
  Guatemala 
  and 
  Honduras, 
  and 
  all 
  the 
  Indians 
  have 
  adopted 
  the 
  

   speech 
  and 
  customs 
  of 
  the 
  Spanish 
  conquerors. 
  Formerly 
  the 
  Na- 
  

   huatl 
  language, 
  a 
  dialect 
  of 
  the 
  idiom 
  spoken 
  in 
  the 
  Valley 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  

   prevailed 
  among 
  most 
  of 
  the 
  population, 
  but 
  it 
  is 
  now 
  almost 
  ob- 
  

   solete, 
  except 
  in 
  the 
  place 
  names 
  of 
  the 
  country, 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  large 
  

   number 
  of 
  the 
  words 
  used 
  for 
  common 
  household 
  articles. 
  Here 
  as 
  

   elsewhere 
  in 
  Latin 
  America, 
  Castilian 
  Spanish 
  has 
  been 
  extensively 
  

   modified 
  by 
  the 
  incorporation 
  of 
  words 
  taken 
  from 
  the 
  tongue 
  of 
  the 
  

  

  