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  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  The 
  survival 
  of 
  ancient 
  objects 
  into 
  modern 
  times 
  among 
  the 
  

   pueblos 
  is 
  a 
  fortunate 
  condition 
  for 
  one 
  who 
  desires 
  to 
  interpret 
  them, 
  

   as 
  it 
  enables 
  him, 
  through 
  comparative 
  studies, 
  to 
  learn 
  their 
  meaning 
  

   and 
  interpret 
  the 
  rites 
  performed 
  with 
  idols 
  of 
  similar 
  form 
  in 
  

   ancient 
  times. 
  These 
  indications 
  point 
  to 
  the 
  conclusion 
  that 
  there 
  

   is 
  no 
  break 
  in 
  the 
  cultural 
  sequence 
  of 
  cliff 
  dwellers 
  and 
  pueblos. 
  

   There 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  shifting 
  of 
  population 
  by 
  migration, 
  union, 
  or 
  

   disintegration 
  of 
  clans 
  or 
  social 
  units 
  and 
  extinction 
  of 
  ceremonies 
  

   by 
  death 
  of 
  clans, 
  but 
  no 
  essential 
  difference 
  can 
  be 
  detected 
  between 
  

   ancient 
  and 
  modern 
  pueblos. 
  There 
  is 
  a 
  continuous 
  growth 
  in 
  

   culture 
  with 
  no 
  great 
  break 
  in 
  character 
  from 
  the 
  ancient 
  into 
  the 
  

   early 
  historic 
  life. 
  

  

  For 
  several 
  years 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  idols 
  in 
  Hopi 
  worship 
  has 
  been 
  a 
  sub- 
  

   ject 
  of 
  investigation 
  by 
  ethnologists, 
  and 
  we 
  have 
  better 
  material 
  

   from 
  this 
  tribe 
  than 
  from 
  any 
  other 
  pueblos. 
  It 
  is 
  also 
  worthy 
  of 
  

   note 
  that 
  several 
  idols 
  are 
  peculiar 
  to 
  certain 
  clans 
  (Snake 
  and 
  

   others) 
  and 
  that 
  those 
  Walpi 
  idols 
  that 
  were 
  reputed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  

   brought 
  from 
  the 
  north 
  are 
  identical 
  with 
  idols 
  of 
  the 
  cliff 
  dwellers. 
  

   We 
  may 
  interpret 
  this 
  similarity 
  as 
  one 
  more 
  evidence, 
  supporting 
  

   many 
  others, 
  that 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  certain 
  clans 
  of 
  the 
  Hopi 
  were 
  

   cliff 
  dwellers. 
  

  

  The 
  places 
  where 
  idols 
  are 
  most 
  commonly 
  found 
  are 
  in 
  shrines 
  or 
  

   on 
  altars 
  erected 
  at 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  great 
  ceremonials. 
  A 
  shrine 
  (pi. 
  1, 
  

   figs. 
  1 
  and 
  3) 
  is 
  a 
  house 
  (pahoki) 
  where 
  a 
  prayer 
  stick 
  is 
  deposited 
  

   to 
  a 
  god 
  and 
  is 
  spoken 
  of 
  as 
  the 
  prayer-stick 
  house 
  of 
  a 
  supernatural 
  

   being, 
  and 
  often 
  there 
  stands 
  in 
  it 
  an 
  idol 
  representing 
  that 
  being. 
  

   Cliff 
  dwellers' 
  shrines 
  are 
  difficult 
  to 
  recognize, 
  but 
  those 
  of 
  pre- 
  

   historic 
  pueblos 
  have 
  repeatedly 
  been 
  discovered. 
  Up 
  to 
  last 
  summer 
  

   (1922) 
  shrines 
  had 
  not 
  been 
  recognized 
  on 
  the 
  Mesa 
  Verde, 
  but 
  else- 
  

   where, 
  as 
  at 
  Zuni 
  and 
  Walpi, 
  they 
  are 
  well 
  known, 
  the 
  latter 
  having 
  

   been 
  enumerated 
  and 
  described 
  by 
  the 
  author 
  in 
  an 
  elaborate 
  article. 
  

   As 
  is 
  well 
  known, 
  shrines 
  to 
  the 
  world 
  quarters 
  are 
  found 
  near 
  most 
  

   pueblos, 
  ancient 
  or 
  modern, 
  and 
  have 
  a 
  general 
  similarity 
  in 
  form, 
  

   being 
  a 
  small 
  cairn 
  or 
  stone 
  inclosure, 
  sometimes 
  with 
  a 
  flat 
  stone 
  

   roof 
  but 
  generally 
  open 
  to 
  the 
  east. 
  The 
  Sun 
  shrine 
  at 
  Zuni 
  is 
  a 
  

   good 
  example 
  of 
  a 
  simple 
  shrine 
  still 
  used. 
  The 
  Alosaka 
  shrine 
  at 
  

   Awatobi 
  2 
  is 
  a 
  shallow 
  depression 
  in 
  a 
  rock 
  with 
  a 
  wall 
  before 
  it. 
  

   Sometimes 
  the 
  door 
  of 
  a 
  shrine 
  is 
  closed 
  and 
  a 
  stone 
  slab 
  luted 
  in 
  

   place 
  with 
  adobe 
  and 
  opened 
  only 
  when 
  a 
  ceremony 
  is 
  about 
  to 
  

   be 
  performed. 
  The 
  idol 
  of 
  Talatumsi 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  group 
  of 
  closed 
  

  

  2 
  Notwithstanding 
  the 
  fact 
  that 
  the 
  Hopi 
  pueblo 
  Awatobi 
  became 
  a 
  ruin 
  in 
  1700, 
  this 
  

   shrine 
  was 
  used 
  up 
  to 
  about 
  1889, 
  when 
  the 
  two 
  idols 
  of 
  Alosaka 
  which 
  had 
  stood 
  in 
  it 
  

   many 
  years 
  were 
  taken 
  away 
  and 
  carried 
  to 
  another 
  shrine 
  at 
  the 
  Middle 
  Mesa. 
  The 
  inci- 
  

   dent 
  connected 
  with 
  their 
  removal 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  author's 
  account 
  of 
  the 
  excava- 
  

   tions 
  at 
  Awatobi 
  in 
  1895. 
  (See 
  17th 
  Ann. 
  Rept. 
  Bur. 
  Amer. 
  Ethn.) 
  

  

  