﻿IDOLS 
  IN 
  HOPI 
  WORSHIP 
  — 
  FEWKES. 
  393 
  

  

  place 
  in 
  the 
  kivas 
  or 
  secret 
  rooms 
  at 
  that 
  time, 
  and 
  one 
  may 
  count 
  

   on 
  the 
  fingers 
  of 
  one 
  hand 
  the 
  descriptions 
  of 
  these 
  rites 
  of 
  the 
  Snake 
  

   Dance 
  that 
  have 
  been 
  published. 
  This 
  illustration 
  (pi. 
  6) 
  has 
  been 
  

   made 
  with 
  care 
  and 
  accuracy 
  to 
  show 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  altar 
  and 
  

   the 
  posture 
  of 
  the 
  priests 
  gathered 
  about 
  to 
  begin 
  the 
  dramatization 
  

   and 
  sing 
  the 
  16 
  songs 
  in 
  the 
  Walpi 
  presentation. 
  Having 
  witnessed 
  

   this 
  rite 
  in 
  the 
  five 
  Hopi 
  villages 
  that 
  celebrate 
  the 
  Snake 
  rite, 
  the 
  

   author 
  does 
  not 
  hesitate 
  to 
  say 
  that 
  the 
  Walpi 
  variant 
  is 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   best 
  in 
  Hopi 
  land. 
  15 
  

  

  The 
  earliest 
  account 
  of 
  this 
  altar 
  and 
  the 
  songs 
  about 
  it 
  appeared 
  

   in 
  the 
  author's 
  Snake 
  Ceremonies 
  at 
  Walpi 
  in 
  1894, 
  16 
  based 
  on 
  a 
  

   study 
  of 
  the 
  Snake 
  Dance 
  at 
  Walpi 
  in 
  1891 
  and 
  1893. 
  An 
  accurate 
  

   picture 
  of 
  the 
  sand 
  mosaic 
  in 
  color 
  appeared 
  in 
  the 
  year 
  1900. 
  17 
  

  

  Let 
  us 
  briefly 
  consider 
  this 
  rite. 
  It 
  is 
  called 
  the 
  consecration 
  of 
  

   certain 
  prayer 
  emblems 
  and 
  is 
  a 
  rude 
  dramatization 
  of 
  a 
  rite 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  in 
  the 
  Hopi 
  Snake 
  legend. 
  The 
  ceremony 
  is 
  supposed 
  to 
  have 
  

   formerly 
  been 
  celebrated 
  by 
  the 
  ancestors 
  of 
  the 
  Snake 
  people 
  in 
  the 
  

   underworld, 
  and 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  brought 
  to 
  the 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  earth 
  by 
  

   a 
  cultus 
  hero 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  Antelope 
  Youth. 
  This 
  youth, 
  or 
  cultus 
  

   hero, 
  visited 
  the 
  underworld 
  where 
  he 
  married 
  a 
  daughter 
  of 
  the 
  

   chief, 
  and 
  representations 
  of 
  him 
  and 
  his 
  bride 
  are 
  standing 
  back 
  of 
  

   the 
  altar. 
  The 
  exact 
  time 
  in 
  the 
  rite 
  chosen 
  for 
  illustration 
  is 
  mid- 
  

   way 
  in 
  the 
  songs 
  when 
  the 
  pipe 
  is 
  passed 
  to 
  the 
  Antelope 
  Chief, 
  

   Wild, 
  18 
  the 
  signal 
  for 
  the 
  beginning 
  of 
  the 
  ceremony. 
  

  

  A 
  large 
  stone 
  idol 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  lion 
  stands 
  on 
  this 
  altar 
  back 
  

   of 
  the 
  sand 
  picture 
  between 
  two 
  palladia 
  or 
  tiponis, 
  one 
  of 
  which 
  is 
  

   now 
  in 
  place; 
  the 
  other 
  is 
  held 
  on 
  the 
  left 
  arm 
  of 
  the 
  Antelope 
  or 
  

   Snake 
  Hero. 
  There 
  are 
  several 
  smaller 
  idols 
  on 
  the 
  altar 
  which 
  are 
  

   said 
  to 
  be 
  heirlooms 
  inherited 
  from 
  very 
  old 
  times. 
  

  

  Midway 
  in 
  the 
  songs 
  about 
  this 
  altar 
  the 
  chief 
  of 
  the 
  Antelopes 
  

   receives 
  from 
  the 
  pipe 
  lighter 
  a 
  lighted 
  pipe 
  or 
  conical 
  " 
  cloud 
  

   blower," 
  and 
  kneeling 
  back 
  of 
  the 
  mountain 
  lion 
  so 
  that 
  the 
  pointed 
  

   end 
  rests 
  between 
  the 
  ears 
  of 
  the 
  idol, 
  blows 
  six 
  whiffs 
  of 
  smoke 
  

   through 
  the 
  cloud 
  blower 
  upon 
  the 
  sand 
  picture. 
  19 
  The 
  ingredients 
  

   smoked 
  in 
  this 
  cloud 
  blower 
  are 
  herbs 
  gathered 
  from 
  the 
  cardinal 
  

   points, 
  mixed 
  with 
  fragments 
  of 
  spruce 
  leaves, 
  the 
  burning 
  of 
  which 
  

   makes 
  a 
  pleasant 
  smell 
  in 
  the 
  room. 
  

  

  15 
  The 
  Walpi 
  Hopi 
  claim 
  that 
  their 
  variant 
  is 
  the 
  most 
  ancient 
  and 
  truthful 
  of 
  all 
  

   and 
  assert 
  since 
  the 
  original 
  palladium 
  of 
  the 
  Snake 
  priesthood 
  is 
  now 
  in 
  their 
  possession 
  

   that 
  all 
  others 
  are 
  imitations. 
  

  

  18 
  Journal 
  of 
  Am. 
  Ethn. 
  and 
  Arch., 
  vol. 
  IV, 
  Boston, 
  1894. 
  

  

  17 
  Tusayan 
  Flute 
  and 
  Snake 
  Ceremonial, 
  19th 
  Ann. 
  Rept. 
  Bur. 
  Amer. 
  Ethn., 
  1900. 
  

  

  18 
  The 
  rites, 
  songs, 
  and 
  prayers 
  at 
  the 
  consecration 
  of 
  the 
  prayer 
  emblems 
  on 
  this 
  altar 
  

   are 
  described 
  in 
  Vol. 
  IV 
  A, 
  Journal 
  of 
  Am. 
  Ethn. 
  and 
  Arch., 
  Boston, 
  1894. 
  

  

  18 
  This 
  and 
  other 
  straight-tubed 
  pipes 
  are 
  known 
  as 
  cloud 
  blowers. 
  There 
  are 
  all 
  

   gradations 
  in 
  form 
  from 
  a 
  tobacco 
  pipe 
  with 
  upturned 
  bowl 
  to 
  a 
  straight-tubed 
  cloud 
  

   blower 
  

  

  