﻿402 
  ANNUAL, 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  bins 
  were 
  excavated 
  by 
  the 
  expedition; 
  in 
  one 
  were 
  several 
  frag- 
  

   ments 
  of 
  an 
  earthenware 
  bowl 
  and 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  small 
  objects 
  

   probably 
  utilized 
  in 
  pottery 
  making. 
  The 
  chief 
  function 
  of 
  these 
  

   bins 
  was 
  most 
  likely 
  the 
  storage 
  of 
  corn 
  and 
  other 
  foodstuffs. 
  A 
  dis- 
  

   carded 
  metate, 
  worn 
  through, 
  formed 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  inclosing 
  stones 
  on 
  

   the 
  north 
  side 
  of 
  bin 
  2. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  floor 
  of 
  the 
  room, 
  between 
  its 
  south 
  wall 
  and 
  the 
  fireplace, 
  

   lay 
  three 
  shallow 
  metates 
  4 
  or 
  stone 
  mills 
  for 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  corn 
  

   meal. 
  A 
  single 
  mano, 
  the 
  handstone 
  invariably 
  used 
  in 
  connection 
  

   with 
  each 
  mill, 
  had 
  been 
  placed 
  under 
  the 
  edge 
  of 
  metates 
  b 
  and 
  c, 
  

   respectively 
  (fig. 
  1). 
  That 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  these 
  primitive 
  grinding 
  

   instruments 
  is 
  not 
  unusual 
  in 
  ancient 
  dwellings 
  of 
  this 
  character 
  is 
  

   evident 
  from 
  explorations 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Walter 
  Hough 
  near 
  Luna, 
  N. 
  

   Mex., 
  during 
  which 
  he 
  observed 
  that 
  " 
  every 
  pit 
  house 
  revealed 
  on 
  

   excavation 
  a 
  mealing 
  stone 
  lying 
  on 
  the 
  floor 
  near 
  the 
  fireplace." 
  5 
  

  

  Two 
  receptacles 
  for 
  the 
  protection 
  of 
  small 
  objects 
  had 
  been 
  

   carved 
  into 
  the 
  adobe 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  room 
  in 
  its 
  southwestern 
  quarter 
  

   (fig. 
  1). 
  The 
  floor 
  level 
  of 
  each 
  lay 
  somewhat 
  below 
  that 
  of 
  the 
  

   room, 
  a 
  feature 
  which 
  has 
  been 
  noted, 
  also, 
  by 
  Mr. 
  Earl 
  H. 
  Morris 
  6 
  

   in 
  pit 
  houses 
  between 
  the 
  San 
  Juan 
  River 
  and 
  the 
  Continental 
  

   Divide, 
  70 
  miles 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  La 
  Plata. 
  Although 
  placed 
  much 
  lower 
  

   in 
  the 
  wall, 
  these 
  repositories 
  were 
  probably 
  identical 
  in 
  purpose 
  

   with 
  the 
  small 
  cubbyholes 
  frequently 
  found 
  in 
  dwellings 
  of 
  later 
  

   periods. 
  

  

  Relatively 
  few 
  artifacts 
  were 
  recovered 
  during 
  excavation 
  of 
  this 
  

   pit 
  dwelling 
  (the 
  northwest 
  quarter 
  was 
  not 
  completely 
  cleared) 
  and 
  

   these, 
  unfortunately, 
  do 
  not 
  afford 
  a 
  satisfactory 
  index 
  to 
  the 
  

   cultural 
  attainments 
  of 
  their 
  original 
  owners. 
  A 
  grooved 
  stone 
  maul 
  

   (315892) 
  , 
  7 
  two 
  hammerstones 
  (315893), 
  and 
  five 
  bone 
  awls 
  (315894) 
  

   may 
  or 
  may 
  not 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  pit-house 
  culture. 
  There 
  is 
  nothing 
  

   distinctive 
  about 
  them 
  since 
  objects 
  of 
  this 
  kind, 
  made 
  from 
  raw 
  

   materials 
  near 
  at 
  hand, 
  are 
  very 
  much 
  alike 
  in 
  early 
  Pueblo 
  dwell- 
  

   ings 
  throughout 
  the 
  entire 
  Southwest. 
  The 
  neck 
  of 
  an 
  undecorated 
  

   jar 
  (315900) 
  and 
  several 
  sherds 
  from 
  a 
  similar 
  vessel 
  (315901). 
  said 
  

   by 
  the 
  Indians 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  near 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  room 
  and 
  

   well 
  toward 
  the 
  surface, 
  are 
  certainly 
  not 
  of 
  pit-dweller 
  origin. 
  The 
  

   high 
  straight 
  neck 
  (2£ 
  inches) 
  of 
  the 
  former 
  and 
  the 
  lack, 
  in 
  both 
  

   specimens, 
  of 
  the 
  broad 
  bands 
  so 
  characteristic 
  of 
  pit-house 
  cooking 
  

   jars 
  is 
  sufficient 
  to 
  connect 
  the 
  fragments 
  with 
  the 
  small-house 
  refuse 
  

   piles 
  which 
  lie 
  near 
  by 
  and 
  slightly 
  above 
  the 
  pit 
  dwelling. 
  In 
  the 
  

  

  *The 
  three 
  metates 
  averaged 
  17 
  by 
  24 
  by 
  2 
  inches 
  (43.1 
  by 
  60.9 
  by 
  5.08 
  cm.). 
  

  

  5 
  Proc. 
  U. 
  S. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  vol. 
  55, 
  p. 
  416. 
  

  

  a 
  33d 
  An. 
  Rep., 
  Bur. 
  Amer. 
  Ethnoi., 
  p. 
  186. 
  

  

  7 
  The 
  catalogue 
  numbers 
  given 
  for 
  specimens 
  not 
  figured 
  are 
  those 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  

   National 
  Museum, 
  to 
  which 
  the 
  National 
  Geographic 
  Society 
  has 
  presented 
  the 
  collections 
  

   from 
  the 
  dwellings 
  here 
  described. 
  

  

  