﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  417 
  

  

  race. 
  They 
  are 
  assigned 
  to 
  the 
  Pleistocene, 
  or 
  Quaternary 
  period 
  of 
  

   geology, 
  which 
  includes 
  the 
  so-called 
  Ice 
  Age. 
  The 
  two 
  chief 
  sources 
  

   of 
  these 
  traces 
  are 
  the 
  river 
  gravels 
  and 
  the 
  caves, 
  rock 
  shelters, 
  and 
  

   other 
  inhabited 
  sites. 
  The 
  flint 
  implements 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  former 
  

   are 
  found 
  to 
  have 
  the 
  same 
  color 
  and 
  surface 
  characteristics 
  as 
  the 
  

   n 
  n 
  worked 
  nodules 
  among 
  which 
  they 
  lie, 
  and 
  are 
  often 
  abraded 
  in 
  

   the 
  same 
  way, 
  indicating 
  original 
  inclusion 
  in 
  the 
  formation. 
  The 
  

   period 
  is 
  determined 
  not 
  only 
  by 
  their 
  geological 
  position, 
  but 
  by 
  

   their 
  association 
  with 
  the 
  remains 
  of 
  extinct 
  species 
  of 
  mammals, 
  

   such 
  as 
  the 
  mammoth, 
  rhinoceros, 
  and 
  reindeer. 
  In 
  some 
  cases 
  these 
  

   bones 
  are 
  found 
  in 
  such 
  relative 
  position 
  as 
  to 
  prove 
  that 
  they 
  were 
  

   deposited 
  with 
  the 
  flesh 
  still 
  adhering 
  to 
  them, 
  and 
  it 
  is 
  also 
  clear 
  

   that 
  the 
  animals 
  were 
  contemporary 
  with 
  the 
  makers 
  of 
  the 
  flint 
  

   implements. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  caves 
  occupied 
  by 
  man, 
  his 
  implements 
  have 
  been 
  left 
  with 
  

   the 
  bones 
  of 
  animals 
  on 
  which 
  he 
  lived. 
  Scattered 
  upon 
  the 
  floor 
  

   of 
  the 
  caves 
  these 
  objects 
  have 
  been 
  sealed 
  up 
  by 
  the 
  infiltration 
  of 
  

   lime-charged 
  water, 
  and 
  have 
  remained 
  undisturbed 
  until 
  our 
  day. 
  

   There 
  can 
  be, 
  therefore, 
  no 
  doubt 
  of 
  their 
  great 
  antiquity. 
  

  

  The 
  cultural 
  conditions 
  characterizing 
  the 
  Stone 
  Age, 
  however, 
  

   were 
  not 
  common 
  to 
  the 
  whole 
  world 
  during 
  a 
  certain 
  definite 
  

   period 
  of 
  remote 
  antiquity. 
  The 
  beginning 
  and 
  duration 
  of 
  this 
  

   so-called 
  age 
  varied 
  in 
  different 
  regions 
  of 
  the 
  earth, 
  and 
  with 
  

   different 
  peoples. 
  It 
  must, 
  therefore, 
  be 
  held 
  to 
  denote 
  a 
  stage 
  of 
  

   human 
  culture 
  rather 
  than 
  a 
  division 
  of 
  time. 
  

  

  The 
  Stone 
  Age 
  is 
  divided 
  into: 
  (1) 
  a 
  Paleolithic 
  (older 
  stone) 
  

   period, 
  and 
  (2) 
  a 
  Neolithic 
  (younger 
  stone) 
  period. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Paleolithic 
  period 
  six 
  stages 
  are 
  generally 
  distinguished, 
  

   determined 
  by 
  the 
  character 
  of 
  the 
  relics 
  found 
  on 
  certain 
  stations 
  

   in 
  France, 
  which 
  are 
  regarded 
  as 
  typical. 
  They 
  are, 
  in 
  chrono- 
  

   logical 
  sequence, 
  the 
  Chellean, 
  Acheulean, 
  Mousterian, 
  Aurignacian, 
  

   Solutrean, 
  and 
  Magdalenian, 
  names 
  derived 
  from 
  Chelles 
  (Seine- 
  

   et-Marne), 
  Saint- 
  Acheul 
  (Valley 
  of 
  the 
  Somme), 
  Cave 
  of 
  Moustier 
  

   (Dordogne), 
  Grotto 
  of 
  Aurignac 
  (Haute-Garonne), 
  Solutre 
  (Saone- 
  

   et-Loire), 
  and 
  la 
  Madeleine 
  (Dordogne). 
  The 
  names 
  of 
  these 
  

   stations 
  have 
  been 
  adopted 
  by 
  anthropologists 
  as 
  conventional 
  land- 
  

   marks 
  for 
  describing 
  the 
  progressive 
  development 
  of 
  man, 
  marking 
  

   the 
  divisions 
  in 
  his 
  general 
  march 
  to 
  the 
  goal 
  of 
  civilized 
  life. 
  The 
  

   characteristics 
  of 
  the 
  culture 
  of 
  these 
  six 
  stages 
  are 
  briefly 
  as 
  follows 
  : 
  

  

  1. 
  Chellean 
  stage. 
  — 
  The 
  distinctive 
  implement 
  of 
  the 
  Chellean 
  

   phase 
  of 
  culture, 
  frequently 
  its 
  sole 
  representative, 
  is 
  the 
  hand 
  ax 
  

   (coup-de-poing, 
  also 
  called 
  boucher, 
  after 
  its 
  discoverer, 
  Boucher 
  de 
  

   Perthes). 
  It 
  was 
  produced 
  by 
  detaching 
  flakes 
  from 
  a 
  nodule, 
  or 
  

   pebble, 
  bringing 
  it 
  to 
  a 
  point, 
  while 
  leaving 
  a 
  heavy 
  base, 
  sometimes 
  

  

  