﻿424 
  ANNUAL, 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  average 
  settlement 
  covered 
  about 
  7 
  acres. 
  Over 
  100 
  stations 
  have 
  

   been 
  discovered 
  in 
  Italy. 
  

  

  The 
  stage 
  of 
  culture 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  relics 
  imbedded 
  in 
  the 
  

   mounds 
  is 
  mainly 
  of 
  the 
  early 
  Bronze 
  Age, 
  but 
  stretches 
  back 
  into 
  

   the 
  later 
  Stone 
  Age. 
  Stone 
  objects 
  are 
  few 
  in 
  number. 
  Bronze 
  was 
  

   the 
  chief 
  material, 
  represented 
  by 
  axes, 
  daggers, 
  swords, 
  knives, 
  

   razors, 
  needles, 
  pins, 
  brooches, 
  etc. 
  Some 
  stone 
  and 
  clay 
  molds 
  and 
  

   pieces 
  of 
  bronze 
  slag 
  show 
  that 
  the 
  technique 
  of 
  bronze 
  casting 
  was 
  

   known. 
  The 
  practice 
  of 
  weaving 
  is 
  proved 
  by 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  and 
  

   abundance 
  of 
  spindle 
  whorls 
  and 
  loom 
  weights. 
  Wood 
  was 
  used 
  in 
  

   the 
  manufacture 
  of 
  a 
  great 
  variety 
  of 
  objects, 
  as 
  handles, 
  dishes, 
  

   spoons, 
  flooring, 
  etc. 
  Ornamental 
  buttons, 
  pins, 
  combs, 
  etc., 
  were 
  

   made 
  of 
  horn 
  and 
  bone. 
  The 
  ceramic 
  art 
  was 
  extensively 
  practiced. 
  

   The 
  decoration 
  of 
  pottery 
  consisted 
  of 
  parallel 
  and 
  wavy 
  ridges, 
  

   incised 
  triangles 
  and 
  crosses, 
  knobs, 
  circular 
  impressions, 
  etc. 
  Small 
  

   clay 
  figurines, 
  chiefly 
  of 
  animals, 
  are 
  the 
  earliest 
  specimens 
  of 
  

   plastic 
  art 
  found 
  in 
  Italy. 
  

  

  The 
  inhabitants, 
  though 
  still 
  hunters, 
  derived 
  their 
  principal 
  sus- 
  

   tenance 
  from 
  agricultural 
  and 
  pastoral 
  pursuits. 
  They 
  cultivated 
  

   wheat, 
  beans, 
  vine, 
  and 
  flax, 
  and 
  had 
  as 
  domesticated 
  animals 
  the 
  

   dog, 
  pig, 
  chickens, 
  etc. 
  

  

  It 
  is 
  generally 
  assumed 
  that 
  the 
  Terremare 
  folks 
  were 
  descendants 
  

   of 
  the 
  lake 
  dwellers 
  who 
  invaded 
  the 
  north 
  of 
  Italy 
  in 
  two 
  waves 
  

   from 
  Central 
  Europe, 
  one 
  toward 
  the 
  close 
  of 
  the 
  Stone 
  Age 
  and 
  the 
  

   other 
  after 
  the 
  Bronze 
  Age 
  had 
  begun, 
  bringing 
  with 
  them 
  modes 
  

   of 
  house 
  building 
  which 
  led 
  to 
  the 
  erecting 
  of 
  pile 
  dwellings 
  on 
  dry 
  

   land. 
  With 
  the 
  entrance 
  of 
  the 
  Iron 
  Age 
  the 
  Terremare 
  settlements 
  

   seem 
  to 
  have 
  fallen 
  into 
  desuetude. 
  

  

  Remains 
  or 
  the 
  Stone 
  Age 
  from 
  Europe. 
  

  

  GREAT 
  BRITAIN 
  AND 
  IRELAND. 
  

  

  The 
  old 
  Stone 
  Age 
  of 
  England 
  is 
  represented 
  by 
  " 
  eoliths," 
  Chel- 
  

   lean 
  and 
  Acheulean 
  celts 
  and 
  picks, 
  and 
  a 
  large 
  variety 
  of 
  flake 
  

   tools. 
  They 
  are 
  derived 
  from 
  various 
  localities, 
  as 
  the 
  gravel 
  of 
  

   the 
  Thames, 
  chalk 
  plateau 
  of 
  Kent, 
  Thetford, 
  the 
  caves 
  of 
  Igtham, 
  

   Robin 
  Hood, 
  Creswell 
  Crags, 
  Grimes 
  Graves, 
  Island 
  of 
  Jersey, 
  etc. 
  

   Of 
  Neolithic 
  material 
  there 
  are 
  chipped 
  celts, 
  adzes, 
  chisels, 
  hammer- 
  

   stones, 
  various 
  scrapers, 
  discoidal, 
  triangular, 
  and 
  crescent 
  shaped, 
  

   and 
  other 
  flake 
  tools, 
  as 
  knives, 
  gravers, 
  needles; 
  a 
  few 
  shells 
  and 
  

   arrowheads, 
  mostly 
  coming 
  from 
  Beachamwell, 
  Swaffham, 
  Norfolk, 
  

   and 
  Ploughed 
  Lands, 
  South 
  Downs, 
  Sussex. 
  

  

  The 
  osseous 
  material 
  (partly 
  casts) 
  consists 
  of 
  bones 
  and 
  teeth 
  of 
  

   the 
  mammoth, 
  hippopotamus, 
  bison, 
  rhinoceros, 
  grizzly 
  bear, 
  cave 
  

   hyena, 
  reindeer, 
  and 
  fox. 
  

  

  