﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  427 
  

  

  rock 
  shelters 
  where 
  they 
  have 
  been 
  located, 
  as 
  Chelles, 
  St. 
  Acheul, 
  Le 
  

   Moustier, 
  La 
  Madeleine, 
  Les 
  Eyzies, 
  La 
  Quina, 
  Laugerie 
  Haute 
  and 
  

   Basse, 
  Bruniquel, 
  Grotto 
  de 
  Bize, 
  etc. 
  

  

  Of 
  the 
  Paleolithic 
  period 
  there 
  are 
  rude 
  quartzite 
  celts, 
  Chellean 
  

   and 
  finely 
  flaked 
  Acheulean 
  flint 
  celts, 
  Mousterian 
  points 
  and 
  

   scrapers, 
  especially 
  of 
  the 
  Levallois 
  type, 
  Aurignacian, 
  Solutrean 
  

   and 
  Magdalenian 
  flake 
  tools, 
  as 
  scrapers, 
  points, 
  gravers, 
  borers, 
  etc., 
  

   mortars, 
  breccia, 
  pieces 
  of 
  stalactite 
  and 
  stalagmite, 
  ochre 
  and 
  mul- 
  

   lers 
  for 
  rubbing 
  the 
  ochre 
  for 
  painting, 
  fossil 
  shells. 
  Besides, 
  bone 
  

   and 
  horn 
  implements, 
  2 
  as 
  points 
  and 
  needles, 
  spear 
  throwers, 
  har- 
  

   poons, 
  3 
  and 
  the 
  so-called 
  batons 
  de 
  commandment. 
  

  

  A 
  small 
  collection 
  of 
  plaster 
  casts 
  illustrates 
  the 
  art 
  of 
  the 
  Paleo- 
  

   lithic 
  period. 
  The 
  esthetic 
  arts 
  of 
  prehistoric 
  times 
  had 
  their 
  be- 
  

   ginnings 
  in 
  the 
  Aurignacian 
  stage 
  and 
  reached 
  their 
  zenith 
  in 
  the 
  

   Magdalenian 
  stage, 
  the 
  final 
  stage 
  of 
  Paleolithic 
  culture. 
  During 
  

   these 
  later 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  Paleolithic 
  period 
  the 
  cave 
  dwellers 
  cul- 
  

   tivated 
  both 
  the 
  graphic 
  and 
  plastic 
  arts 
  so 
  assiduously 
  and 
  effec- 
  

   tively 
  that 
  they 
  have 
  bequeathed 
  an 
  art 
  gallery 
  of 
  some 
  four 
  or 
  five 
  

   hundred 
  of 
  engravings, 
  sculptures, 
  and 
  even 
  polychrome 
  paintings, 
  

   executed 
  with 
  such 
  life 
  and 
  realistic 
  naturalism 
  as 
  to 
  excite 
  astonish- 
  

   ment 
  and 
  admiration. 
  

  

  The 
  paintings 
  were 
  chiefly 
  executed 
  on 
  the 
  walls 
  and 
  ceilings 
  of 
  the 
  

   caves. 
  The 
  materials 
  for 
  sculpture 
  and 
  engraving 
  were 
  the 
  bones, 
  

   horns, 
  and 
  tusks 
  of 
  the 
  animals 
  killed 
  in 
  the 
  chase 
  ; 
  the 
  tools, 
  sharply 
  

   worked 
  points 
  or 
  gravers 
  of 
  flint. 
  The 
  objects 
  represented 
  were 
  

   chiefly 
  the 
  animals 
  of 
  the 
  period 
  and 
  locality 
  ; 
  representations 
  of 
  the 
  

   human 
  form 
  are 
  comparatively 
  rare, 
  and 
  for 
  the 
  most 
  part 
  of 
  in- 
  

   ferior 
  execution. 
  

  

  In 
  the 
  Neolithic 
  period 
  the 
  industrial 
  arts 
  rather 
  than 
  the 
  esthetic 
  

   arts 
  were 
  cultivated. 
  The 
  latter 
  were 
  almost 
  entirely 
  confined 
  to 
  the 
  

   decoration 
  of 
  pottery, 
  the 
  designs 
  being 
  mostly 
  geometric 
  in 
  char- 
  

   acter 
  and 
  incised 
  or 
  impressed. 
  The 
  collection 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  com- 
  

   prises 
  carvings 
  and 
  engravings. 
  

  

  2 
  Implements 
  of 
  horn 
  and 
  bone 
  were 
  common 
  in 
  the 
  later 
  stages 
  of 
  the 
  Paleolithic 
  period 
  

   and 
  continued 
  to 
  be 
  employed 
  through 
  the 
  Neolithic 
  period. 
  Bone 
  was 
  worked 
  into 
  chisels, 
  

   awls, 
  needles, 
  arrowheads 
  and 
  spearheads, 
  harpoons, 
  whistles, 
  and 
  various 
  other 
  objects. 
  

   The 
  horns 
  of 
  the 
  stag 
  were 
  made 
  into 
  celt 
  sockets. 
  Stout 
  pieces 
  of 
  this 
  material, 
  per- 
  

   forated 
  for 
  inserting 
  wooden 
  bandies, 
  served 
  as 
  hammers 
  and 
  hatchets 
  or 
  hoes 
  ; 
  and 
  the 
  

   antler 
  was 
  sometimes 
  converted 
  into 
  a 
  club 
  by 
  the 
  removal 
  of 
  the 
  prongs, 
  except 
  that 
  near 
  

   the 
  base. 
  

  

  3 
  The 
  earliest 
  harpoons 
  occur 
  in 
  the 
  Magdalenian 
  stations, 
  showing 
  that 
  at 
  this 
  stage 
  

   of 
  culture 
  man 
  added 
  fishing 
  to 
  hunting 
  as 
  a 
  means 
  of 
  sustenance. 
  The 
  larger 
  specimens 
  

   are 
  invariably 
  made 
  of 
  deerhorn, 
  but 
  the 
  smaller 
  ones 
  are 
  sometimes 
  made 
  of 
  bone. 
  Some 
  

   harpoons 
  are 
  barbed 
  on 
  both 
  sides, 
  others 
  on 
  one 
  only. 
  At 
  the 
  base 
  there 
  are 
  sometimes 
  

   projecting 
  knobs 
  for 
  retaining 
  the 
  loop 
  of 
  the 
  cord 
  by 
  which 
  the 
  head 
  was 
  connected 
  with 
  

   the 
  shaft. 
  In 
  northern 
  Europe 
  (Denmark) 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  harpoons 
  of 
  staghorn 
  set 
  with 
  

   sharp 
  pieces 
  of 
  flint 
  as 
  barbs. 
  

  

  