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  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  Remains 
  of 
  the 
  Stone 
  Age 
  from 
  Asia. 
  

  

  INDIA. 
  

  

  From 
  India 
  there 
  is 
  a 
  collection 
  of 
  Paleolithic 
  implements 
  of 
  

   quartzite 
  corresponding 
  to 
  the 
  Chellean 
  and 
  Acheulean 
  hand 
  axes 
  

   of 
  Europe. 
  They 
  were 
  washed 
  out 
  of 
  Pleistocene 
  laterite 
  (red 
  fer- 
  

   ruginous 
  clay) 
  alluvium 
  containing 
  quartzite 
  bowlders 
  in 
  the 
  dis- 
  

   tricts 
  of 
  Boondi 
  and 
  Gazeepet, 
  Madras 
  Presidency. 
  Polished 
  celts 
  

   and 
  chisels 
  of 
  basalt 
  and 
  trap 
  rock 
  come 
  from 
  the 
  Banda 
  District, 
  

   Northwest 
  Province. 
  A 
  small 
  collection 
  of 
  bone 
  fragments 
  of 
  pig, 
  

   vertebrae 
  of 
  fish, 
  shells, 
  and 
  pottery 
  fragments 
  hail 
  from 
  the 
  Anda- 
  

   man 
  Islands 
  in 
  the 
  Bay 
  of 
  Bengal. 
  

  

  There 
  is 
  also 
  a 
  large 
  collection 
  of 
  minute 
  chipped 
  implements, 
  

   found 
  by 
  A. 
  C. 
  Carlyle, 
  formerly 
  of 
  the 
  Archaeological 
  Survey 
  of 
  

   India, 
  in 
  the 
  caves 
  and 
  rock 
  shelters 
  of 
  the 
  Vindhya 
  Hills, 
  Central 
  

   India. 
  The 
  implements, 
  varying 
  in 
  size 
  from 
  half 
  an 
  inch 
  to 
  one 
  and 
  

   a 
  half 
  inches, 
  are 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  variety 
  of 
  siliceous 
  rock 
  — 
  jasper, 
  chert, 
  

   hornstone, 
  flint, 
  agate, 
  and 
  chalcedony 
  — 
  and 
  in 
  various 
  forms, 
  as 
  

   crescentic, 
  rhomboidal, 
  trapezoidal, 
  quadrilateral, 
  triangular, 
  and 
  

   slender-blade 
  form. 
  These 
  " 
  pygmy 
  tools 
  " 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  in 
  

   widely 
  separated 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  world 
  and 
  are 
  generally 
  attributed 
  to 
  

   the 
  Neolithic 
  period. 
  Various 
  uses 
  have 
  been 
  ascribed 
  to 
  them, 
  such 
  

   as 
  that 
  of 
  arrowheads, 
  fish 
  snags, 
  lateral 
  barbs 
  of 
  harpoons, 
  or 
  

   piercers. 
  But 
  they 
  may 
  have 
  had 
  various 
  uses. 
  Few 
  of 
  them 
  show 
  

   any 
  signs 
  of 
  wear. 
  9 
  

  

  CAMBODIA, 
  INDO-CHINA. 
  

  

  The 
  objects 
  from 
  Cambodia 
  were 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  shell 
  heaps 
  or 
  

   kitchen-middens, 
  situated 
  near 
  the 
  shores 
  of 
  Lake 
  Ton-le-sap, 
  which 
  

   have 
  been 
  explored 
  by 
  Prof. 
  L. 
  H. 
  James. 
  The 
  shell 
  heaps, 
  varying 
  

   in 
  depth 
  from 
  13 
  to 
  29 
  feet, 
  and 
  covered 
  by 
  deposits 
  of 
  alluvial 
  soil, 
  

   the 
  deposit 
  of 
  annual 
  floods, 
  are 
  composed 
  of 
  three 
  layers 
  marking 
  

   three 
  different 
  cultures. 
  The 
  upper 
  layer, 
  which 
  was 
  also 
  the 
  thin- 
  

   nest, 
  contained 
  bronze 
  implements 
  and 
  ornaments 
  together 
  with 
  

   some 
  finely 
  worked 
  stone 
  implements, 
  and 
  pottery 
  decorated 
  with 
  

   geometrical 
  designs 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Bronze 
  Age. 
  In 
  the 
  middle 
  

   stratum 
  were 
  found 
  objects 
  of 
  stone 
  mixed 
  with 
  those 
  of 
  copper 
  

   and 
  bronze, 
  which 
  may 
  be 
  assigned 
  to 
  the 
  transition 
  period 
  from 
  the 
  

   use 
  of 
  stone 
  to 
  that 
  of 
  metal. 
  In 
  the 
  lower 
  and 
  deepest 
  stratum 
  were 
  

   embedded 
  stone 
  implements 
  and 
  pottery 
  characteristic 
  of 
  the 
  Neo- 
  

   lithic 
  phase 
  of 
  culture. 
  

  

  » 
  Compare 
  Thomas 
  Wilson, 
  Minute 
  Stone 
  Implements 
  from 
  India, 
  Report 
  of 
  the 
  U. 
  S. 
  

   National 
  Museum 
  for 
  1892, 
  pages 
  455-460. 
  

  

  