﻿OLD 
  WOBLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWlCZ. 
  448 
  

  

  The 
  final 
  touches 
  before 
  firing 
  were 
  given 
  the 
  figure 
  either 
  with 
  the 
  

   finger 
  or 
  with 
  a 
  graving 
  tool. 
  After 
  the 
  firing 
  the 
  figures 
  were 
  

   colored, 
  in 
  rare 
  cases, 
  gilded. 
  This 
  has 
  been 
  largely 
  worn 
  off. 
  

  

  The 
  most 
  finished 
  and 
  elegant 
  terra-cotta 
  statuettes 
  are 
  those 
  found 
  

   in 
  the 
  graves 
  of 
  Tanagra, 
  in 
  Boeotia, 
  Greece, 
  dating 
  from 
  the 
  fourth 
  

   and 
  third 
  centuries 
  B. 
  C, 
  examples 
  of 
  which, 
  in 
  facsimile, 
  are 
  shown 
  

   in 
  wall 
  cases 
  in 
  the 
  southeast 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  hall. 
  

  

  The 
  bulk 
  of 
  the 
  terra-cotta 
  figurines 
  in 
  the 
  collection 
  represent 
  

   female 
  figures, 
  some 
  of 
  them 
  adorned 
  with 
  diadem 
  or 
  crown 
  with 
  an 
  

   expression 
  of 
  dignity 
  and 
  calm, 
  evidently 
  meant 
  for 
  a 
  goddess, 
  others 
  

   in 
  various 
  poses, 
  sometimes 
  holding 
  a 
  child 
  or 
  an 
  animal. 
  A 
  small 
  

   number 
  are 
  of 
  male 
  figures, 
  satyrs, 
  caricatures, 
  and 
  animals. 
  The 
  

   facsimiles 
  of 
  the 
  Tanagra 
  figurines 
  largely 
  represent 
  mythological 
  

   scenes. 
  

  

  TERRA-COTTA 
  LAMPS. 
  

  

  Terra-cotta 
  lamps 
  have 
  been 
  found 
  everywhere 
  through 
  the 
  

   ancient 
  domain 
  of 
  the 
  Roman 
  Empire, 
  mostly 
  in 
  tombs 
  where 
  they 
  

   were 
  placed 
  for 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  the 
  dead, 
  or 
  with 
  the 
  idea 
  of 
  their 
  burn- 
  

   ing 
  perpetually. 
  They 
  were 
  used 
  for 
  lighting 
  houses,, 
  in 
  processions, 
  

   as 
  offerings 
  in 
  temples, 
  as 
  New 
  Year's 
  gifts, 
  and 
  for 
  funerary 
  pur- 
  

   poses. 
  

  

  The 
  oldest 
  lamps 
  date 
  from 
  the 
  third 
  century 
  B. 
  C. 
  and 
  were 
  

   made 
  on 
  the 
  wheel, 
  with 
  decorations 
  in 
  incised 
  lines 
  ; 
  later 
  they 
  were 
  

   either 
  modeled 
  by 
  hand 
  or 
  made 
  in 
  molds, 
  with 
  decorations 
  in 
  relief. 
  

  

  The 
  principal 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  lamp 
  are 
  (1) 
  the 
  reservoir, 
  which 
  con- 
  

   tained 
  the 
  oil, 
  (2) 
  the 
  flat, 
  circular 
  top, 
  (3) 
  the 
  nozzle 
  with 
  hole 
  for 
  

   insertion 
  of 
  the 
  wick, 
  and 
  (4) 
  the 
  handle, 
  which 
  was 
  not 
  indispen- 
  

   sable. 
  

  

  Wicks 
  were 
  made 
  of 
  a 
  plant 
  known 
  as 
  verbascum 
  or 
  thryaUis, 
  but 
  

   tow 
  and 
  papyrus 
  were 
  also 
  employed. 
  The 
  oil 
  was 
  vegetable 
  oil 
  of 
  

   some 
  kind. 
  

  

  The 
  average 
  size 
  of 
  the 
  lamps 
  is 
  from 
  3 
  to 
  4 
  inches 
  in 
  diameter, 
  

   with 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  about 
  1 
  inch 
  greater 
  than 
  the 
  diameter, 
  and 
  they 
  

   are 
  mostly 
  about 
  1 
  inch 
  in 
  height. 
  

  

  The 
  Museum's 
  collection 
  of 
  terra-cotta 
  lamps 
  includes 
  specimens 
  

   from 
  Egypt, 
  Phenicia, 
  Palestine, 
  Cyprus, 
  Greece, 
  and 
  Italy. 
  The 
  

   tops 
  of 
  some 
  are 
  adorned 
  in 
  relief 
  with 
  figures 
  of 
  Gods 
  — 
  Jupiter, 
  

   Zeus 
  with 
  the 
  eagle, 
  Cupid 
  in 
  various 
  postures, 
  etc. 
  — 
  or 
  with 
  human 
  

   figures, 
  and 
  there 
  are 
  some 
  with 
  the 
  monogram 
  of 
  Christ. 
  

  

  ANTIQUE 
  IRIDESCENT 
  GLASSWARE. 
  

  

  Glass 
  which 
  has 
  for 
  many 
  years 
  been 
  subject 
  to 
  the 
  slowly 
  disinte- 
  

   grating 
  influences 
  of 
  dampness, 
  alternating 
  heat 
  and 
  cold, 
  light, 
  and 
  

   darkness, 
  etc., 
  displays 
  an 
  iridescent 
  play 
  of 
  colors, 
  due 
  to 
  the 
  forma- 
  

  

  