﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  447 
  

  

  The 
  third 
  method, 
  employed 
  by 
  the 
  poorer 
  classes, 
  consisted 
  in 
  merely 
  

   soaking 
  the 
  body 
  in 
  natron. 
  The 
  Biblical 
  record 
  mentions 
  embalm- 
  

   ing 
  only 
  in 
  connection 
  with 
  the 
  Egyptians, 
  the 
  bodies 
  of 
  Jacob 
  and 
  

   Joseph, 
  who 
  died 
  in 
  Egypt, 
  having 
  been 
  thus 
  preserved. 
  (Genesis 
  

   L, 
  2-25). 
  

  

  EGYPTIAN 
  FUNERAL 
  PROCESSION 
  AND 
  BURIAL. 
  

  

  The 
  coffin 
  containing 
  the 
  mummy 
  was 
  carried 
  to 
  the 
  bank 
  of 
  the 
  

   Nile 
  in 
  a 
  boat 
  placed 
  on 
  a 
  kind 
  of 
  sled 
  drawn 
  by 
  oxen, 
  and 
  was 
  

   escorted 
  by 
  priests, 
  mourners, 
  wailing 
  women, 
  and 
  attendants 
  bear- 
  

   ing 
  funeral 
  furniture, 
  offerings, 
  etc. 
  The 
  procession 
  embarked 
  and 
  

   in 
  a 
  short 
  time 
  arrived 
  at 
  the 
  western 
  banks, 
  in 
  the 
  highlands 
  of 
  

   which 
  the 
  Egyptians 
  usually 
  built 
  their 
  cemeteries, 
  as 
  they 
  imagined 
  

   the 
  entrance 
  into 
  the 
  hidden 
  land 
  lay 
  in 
  the 
  west 
  where 
  the 
  sun 
  

   disappeared. 
  Here 
  the 
  procession 
  was 
  re-formed 
  and 
  continued 
  its 
  

   way 
  to 
  the 
  bluffs 
  opposite 
  Thebes. 
  When 
  the 
  procession 
  arrived 
  at 
  

   the 
  tomb 
  the 
  mummy 
  or 
  a 
  statue 
  of 
  the 
  deceased 
  was 
  placed 
  in 
  an 
  

   upright 
  position 
  before 
  the 
  door. 
  Tables 
  loaded 
  with 
  offerings 
  of 
  

   cakes, 
  beer, 
  fruit, 
  flowers, 
  etc., 
  were 
  laid 
  before 
  it, 
  and 
  a 
  bull 
  was 
  

   slaughtered, 
  from 
  which 
  an 
  attendant 
  cut 
  off 
  one 
  of 
  its 
  haunches 
  

   and 
  held 
  it 
  to 
  the 
  nose 
  of 
  the 
  statue. 
  One 
  of 
  the 
  priests 
  performed 
  

   the 
  ceremony 
  of 
  " 
  opening 
  the 
  mouth," 
  touching 
  the 
  mouth 
  and 
  eyes 
  

   of 
  the 
  mummy 
  with 
  iron 
  instruments, 
  in 
  order 
  that 
  the 
  deceased 
  

   might 
  regain 
  the 
  use 
  of 
  his 
  intelligence 
  and 
  limbs 
  which 
  he 
  lost 
  by 
  

   the 
  process 
  of 
  embalming. 
  During 
  these 
  ceremonies 
  another 
  priest 
  

   recited 
  the 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  funeral 
  ritual 
  appropriate 
  to 
  each 
  act 
  from 
  

   a 
  roll 
  of 
  papyrus. 
  After 
  the 
  slaughter 
  of 
  another 
  bull 
  and 
  the 
  pre- 
  

   sentation 
  of 
  a 
  number 
  of 
  offerings 
  the 
  funeral 
  ceremony 
  was 
  com- 
  

   plete 
  (pis. 
  5 
  and 
  6). 
  

  

  3. 
  Screen. 
  On 
  the 
  east 
  side 
  the 
  screen 
  bears 
  a 
  large 
  relief 
  map 
  of 
  

   Palestine. 
  The 
  map 
  is 
  the 
  result 
  of 
  geographical 
  and 
  geological 
  

   survey 
  work, 
  carried 
  on 
  for 
  more 
  than 
  10 
  years 
  by 
  experts 
  in 
  the 
  serv- 
  

   ice 
  of 
  the 
  Palestine 
  Exploration 
  Fund, 
  and 
  is 
  made 
  on 
  the 
  scale 
  of 
  

   r 
  6 
  s^eo 
  ? 
  or 
  three-eighths 
  of 
  an 
  inch 
  to 
  the 
  mile. 
  It 
  embraces 
  the 
  

   whole 
  of 
  western 
  Palestine, 
  from 
  Baalbek 
  in 
  the 
  north 
  to 
  Kadesh 
  

   Barnea 
  in 
  the 
  south, 
  and 
  shows 
  nearly 
  all 
  that 
  is 
  known 
  of 
  the 
  

   country 
  east 
  of 
  the 
  Jordan. 
  The 
  natural 
  features 
  of 
  the 
  country 
  

   stand 
  out 
  prominently, 
  being 
  reinforced 
  by 
  appropriate 
  colors. 
  

   The 
  mountains 
  and 
  plains 
  are 
  shaded 
  a 
  creamy 
  white. 
  The 
  seas, 
  

   lakes, 
  marshes, 
  and 
  perennial 
  streams 
  are 
  shown 
  in 
  blue. 
  The 
  Old 
  

   and 
  New 
  Testament 
  sites 
  are 
  marked 
  in 
  red. 
  The 
  map 
  thus 
  furnishes 
  

   a 
  most 
  important 
  aid 
  for 
  the 
  understanding 
  of 
  the 
  Bible 
  narrative. 
  

  

  The 
  west 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  screen 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  the 
  Siloam 
  inscription 
  

   and 
  the 
  Greek 
  inscription 
  from 
  the 
  Temple 
  of 
  Jerusalem. 
  

  

  