﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  453 
  

  

  Below 
  are 
  two 
  Egyptian 
  reliefs, 
  made 
  from 
  squeezes, 
  represent- 
  

   ing, 
  respectively, 
  men 
  sailing 
  an 
  oar-boat, 
  and 
  four 
  men 
  dragging 
  

   a 
  sledge. 
  

  

  11. 
  Case 
  containing 
  among 
  other 
  objects 
  a 
  Greco-Egyptian 
  por- 
  

   trait, 
  representing 
  a 
  man's 
  head 
  of 
  the 
  Roman 
  type, 
  One 
  of 
  a 
  col- 
  

   lection 
  of 
  the 
  oldest 
  portrait 
  paintings 
  thus 
  far 
  discovered. 
  It 
  was 
  

   found, 
  along 
  with 
  many 
  others, 
  in 
  the 
  necropolis 
  of 
  Rubaiyat, 
  in 
  the 
  

   province 
  of 
  Fayum 
  in 
  Egypt. 
  These 
  paintings 
  were 
  executed 
  on 
  

   thin 
  panels 
  of 
  wood 
  in 
  encaustic 
  (by 
  means 
  of 
  melted 
  white 
  wax 
  

   mixed 
  with 
  oil 
  and 
  burned 
  in), 
  or 
  distemper 
  (with 
  colors 
  mixed 
  

   with 
  adhesive 
  substances, 
  as 
  the 
  white 
  and 
  yolk 
  of 
  an 
  egg, 
  gum, 
  size, 
  

   etc.), 
  or 
  in 
  a 
  combination 
  of 
  the 
  two. 
  They 
  were 
  intended 
  to 
  be 
  

   portraits 
  of 
  deceased 
  persons, 
  and 
  were 
  placed 
  over 
  the 
  face 
  of 
  

   mummies, 
  being 
  glued 
  to 
  the 
  linen 
  bandages 
  which 
  enwrapped 
  the 
  

   body. 
  The 
  custom 
  came 
  up 
  under 
  the 
  Greek 
  domination 
  of 
  Egypt 
  

   in 
  the 
  third 
  century 
  B. 
  C, 
  and 
  is 
  assumed 
  to 
  have 
  continued 
  till 
  

   the 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  fourth 
  century 
  A. 
  D. 
  (PI. 
  15). 
  

  

  Model 
  of 
  an 
  Egyptian 
  obelisk. 
  Made 
  of 
  brass. 
  The 
  original, 
  a 
  

   shaft 
  of 
  granite 
  78 
  feet 
  4 
  inches 
  in 
  height, 
  was 
  erected 
  during 
  the 
  

   reign 
  of 
  Rameses 
  II, 
  King 
  of 
  Egypt, 
  about 
  1340-1273 
  B. 
  C, 
  in 
  front 
  

   of 
  the 
  temple 
  of 
  Luxor, 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  ancient 
  Thebes, 
  in 
  Upper 
  

   Egypt. 
  In 
  1831, 
  it 
  was 
  transported 
  to 
  Paris, 
  France, 
  where 
  it 
  now 
  

   stands 
  on 
  the 
  Place 
  de 
  la 
  Concorde. 
  The 
  inscriptions 
  in 
  Latin 
  and 
  

   French 
  on 
  the 
  pedestal 
  record 
  the 
  erection 
  of 
  the 
  obelisk 
  in 
  Paris, 
  

   in 
  the 
  presence 
  of 
  King 
  Louis 
  Philippe, 
  in 
  1836. 
  The 
  original 
  ped- 
  

   estal 
  was 
  left 
  in 
  Egypt. 
  

  

  Book 
  of 
  the 
  Dead. 
  Facsimile 
  of 
  an 
  Egyptian 
  Papyrus 
  at 
  the 
  

   British 
  Museum, 
  London. 
  The 
  so-called 
  Egyptian 
  "Books 
  of 
  the 
  

   Dead" 
  are 
  collections 
  of 
  religious 
  texts, 
  hymns, 
  invocations, 
  prayers 
  

   to 
  the 
  gods, 
  utterances 
  of 
  the 
  gods, 
  etc., 
  intended 
  for 
  the 
  use 
  and 
  

   protection 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  in 
  the 
  world 
  beyond 
  the 
  grave. 
  The 
  present 
  

   collection 
  is 
  that 
  of 
  Ani, 
  "Royal 
  Scribe" 
  and 
  "Scribe 
  of 
  the 
  Sacred 
  

   Revenue 
  of 
  all 
  the 
  gods 
  of 
  Thebes," 
  who 
  is 
  accompanied 
  on 
  his 
  way 
  

   through 
  the 
  divers 
  parts 
  of 
  the 
  realms 
  of 
  the 
  dead 
  by 
  his 
  wife 
  Tutu. 
  

   The 
  hieroglyphic 
  text 
  is 
  accompanied 
  by 
  colored 
  vignettes 
  which 
  de- 
  

   pict 
  the 
  various 
  scenes 
  through 
  which 
  the 
  deceased 
  has 
  to 
  pass 
  in 
  

   the 
  nether 
  world 
  — 
  his 
  appearance 
  before 
  Osiris, 
  the 
  supreme 
  judge 
  

   of 
  the 
  dead; 
  the 
  weighing 
  of 
  the 
  heart 
  of 
  the 
  departed 
  against 
  the 
  

   goddess 
  of 
  Truth, 
  etc. 
  (pi. 
  16). 
  

  

  The 
  Gliddon 
  Mummy 
  Case. 
  This 
  fragment 
  is 
  one 
  third 
  of 
  a 
  

   mummy 
  case 
  obtained 
  by 
  Mr. 
  George 
  Gliddon 
  at 
  Sakkarah, 
  in 
  

   Egypt, 
  and 
  presented 
  to 
  the 
  National 
  Institute 
  in 
  Washington, 
  in 
  

   1842. 
  At 
  the 
  dissolution 
  of 
  this 
  Society 
  the 
  specimen 
  became 
  the 
  

   property 
  of 
  the 
  Smithsonian 
  Institution. 
  The 
  remaining 
  two 
  

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