﻿458 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922, 
  

  

  Assyrian 
  King 
  to 
  succeed 
  him. 
  As 
  Tiglathpileser 
  III 
  (Pul, 
  of 
  II 
  

   Kings 
  xv, 
  19) 
  occupied 
  the 
  Assyrian 
  throne 
  from 
  745 
  to 
  727 
  B. 
  

   C, 
  and 
  was 
  a 
  contemporary 
  of 
  Panammu 
  II 
  and 
  of 
  Bar-Rekub, 
  the 
  

   maker 
  of 
  the 
  inscription, 
  this 
  monument 
  belongs 
  to 
  the 
  eighth 
  cen- 
  

   tury 
  B. 
  C., 
  and 
  is 
  accordingly 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  earliest 
  in 
  the 
  Aramaean 
  

   script. 
  

  

  20. 
  Hapi, 
  the 
  Egyptian 
  God 
  of 
  the 
  Nile. 
  Original, 
  of 
  quartzite 
  

   sandstone, 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  London. 
  Hapi 
  is 
  in 
  Egyptian 
  the 
  

   name 
  of 
  the 
  god 
  or 
  personification 
  of 
  the 
  Nile 
  and 
  of 
  the 
  river 
  itself, 
  

   upon 
  which 
  Egypt 
  was 
  dependent 
  for 
  the 
  issue 
  of 
  its 
  crops. 
  On 
  

   his 
  outstretched 
  hands 
  the 
  god 
  bears 
  an 
  altar 
  from 
  which 
  hang 
  down 
  

   bunches 
  of 
  grain, 
  vegetables, 
  flowers, 
  and 
  waterfowl. 
  The 
  statue 
  

   was 
  dedicated 
  to 
  Amon 
  Re, 
  the 
  supreme 
  god 
  of 
  Egypt, 
  by 
  Shoshenk 
  

   II, 
  a 
  king 
  of 
  the 
  twenty-second 
  dynasty, 
  about 
  900 
  B. 
  C. 
  His 
  grand- 
  

   father, 
  Shoshenk 
  I, 
  is 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  Bible 
  by 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Shishak 
  

   (I 
  Kings 
  xiv, 
  27 
  ; 
  II 
  Chronicles 
  xii, 
  5, 
  7, 
  9) 
  . 
  (PI. 
  19, 
  fig. 
  1. 
  ) 
  

  

  21. 
  Horus 
  and 
  Altar. 
  Cast 
  of 
  original 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  

   London. 
  Horus 
  was 
  worshipped 
  with 
  the 
  other 
  solar 
  divinities 
  of 
  

   Egypt 
  as 
  the 
  morning 
  sun. 
  As 
  the 
  son 
  of 
  Osiris, 
  the 
  deity 
  of 
  the 
  

   nether 
  world, 
  he 
  presented 
  the 
  deceased 
  to 
  Osiris. 
  He 
  is 
  generally 
  

   represented 
  as 
  hawk-headed. 
  His 
  symbol 
  is 
  the 
  winged 
  sun-disk. 
  

   (PI. 
  19, 
  fig. 
  2.) 
  

  

  22. 
  Assyrian 
  Human-headed 
  Winged 
  Lion. 
  Cast 
  from 
  original, 
  

   of 
  yellow 
  limestone, 
  preserved 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  London, 
  

   England. 
  The 
  original 
  specimen 
  was 
  found 
  by 
  Sir 
  Austen 
  H. 
  

   Layard 
  in 
  1846, 
  at 
  Kuyunjik, 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  ancient 
  Nineveh, 
  and 
  is 
  

   supposed 
  to 
  belong 
  to 
  the 
  period 
  of 
  Asurnazirpal, 
  who 
  reigned 
  884- 
  

   860 
  B. 
  C. 
  Dimensions, 
  11 
  feet 
  by 
  9 
  feet. 
  

  

  Figures 
  of 
  composite 
  animals, 
  in 
  stone 
  or 
  metal, 
  sometimes 
  of 
  

   colossal 
  size, 
  were 
  placed 
  by 
  the 
  Assyrians 
  at 
  the 
  entrances 
  to 
  the 
  

   temples 
  of 
  the 
  gods 
  and 
  the 
  palaces 
  of 
  the 
  kings. 
  They 
  were 
  con- 
  

   sidered 
  as 
  emblems 
  of 
  divine 
  power, 
  or 
  genii 
  (Assyrian 
  shedu), 
  and 
  

   were 
  believed 
  to 
  " 
  exclude 
  all 
  evil." 
  Lions 
  were 
  also 
  placed 
  " 
  beside 
  

   the 
  stays 
  " 
  and 
  on 
  either 
  side 
  of 
  the 
  steps 
  of 
  the 
  gilded 
  ivory 
  throne 
  

   of 
  Solomon 
  (I 
  Kings 
  x, 
  19-20). 
  Some 
  Assyriologists 
  connect 
  the 
  

   Assyrian 
  winged 
  and 
  composite 
  beings 
  with 
  those 
  seen 
  by 
  the 
  

   Prophet 
  Ezekiel, 
  in 
  his 
  vision 
  of 
  the 
  " 
  chariot 
  " 
  (Ezekiel 
  i), 
  and 
  the 
  

   cherubim 
  guarding 
  the 
  entrance 
  to 
  Eden 
  (Genesis 
  iii, 
  24), 
  and 
  those 
  

   overshadowing 
  the 
  Ark 
  of 
  the 
  Covenant 
  (Exodus 
  xxv, 
  18, 
  etc.). 
  

   Compare 
  also 
  the 
  " 
  four 
  living 
  creatures 
  " 
  in 
  Revelation 
  v, 
  14; 
  vi, 
  1. 
  

   Parallels 
  are 
  also 
  found 
  in 
  the 
  sphinx, 
  the 
  chimera, 
  and 
  the 
  griffin. 
  

   (PI. 
  20.) 
  

  

  23. 
  The 
  Babylonian 
  Code 
  of 
  Hammurabi. 
  Cast 
  of 
  an 
  original 
  

   of 
  black 
  diorite, 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  the 
  Louvre 
  at 
  Paris, 
  which 
  

  

  