﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  463 
  

  

  Khnumtamon 
  Raniaka, 
  wife 
  of 
  Thothmes 
  III, 
  King 
  of 
  Egypt 
  

   about 
  1500 
  B. 
  C. 
  Cast 
  of 
  an 
  original 
  of 
  limestone 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  

   Cairo, 
  Egypt. 
  

  

  Statuette 
  of 
  black 
  marble, 
  perhaps 
  representing 
  Antinous, 
  the 
  

   friend 
  of 
  Hadrian, 
  Roman 
  emperor, 
  117-138 
  A. 
  D. 
  

  

  Tirhakah, 
  King 
  of 
  Egypt 
  and 
  Ethiopa, 
  698-672 
  B. 
  C. 
  Original 
  

   of 
  granite 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Cairo, 
  Egypt. 
  He 
  is 
  referred 
  to 
  in 
  

   II 
  Kings 
  xix, 
  9, 
  and 
  Isaiah 
  xxxvii, 
  9, 
  as 
  attacking 
  Sennacherib, 
  

   King 
  of 
  Assyria. 
  The 
  inscriptions 
  of 
  the 
  Assyrian 
  king 
  Ashur- 
  

   banipal 
  (Sardanapalus, 
  Hebrew 
  Asenappar, 
  Ezra 
  iv, 
  10), 
  668-626 
  

   B. 
  C, 
  mention 
  him, 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  Tarqu, 
  as 
  king 
  of 
  Egypt 
  and 
  

   Ethiopia. 
  Manetho, 
  who 
  calls 
  him 
  Tarkos 
  (Tarakos), 
  says 
  he 
  was 
  

   the 
  last 
  king 
  of 
  the 
  25th 
  dynasty. 
  Strabo 
  (xvi, 
  1, 
  6) 
  calls 
  him 
  

   Tearkon, 
  and 
  describes 
  him 
  as 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  greatest 
  conquerors 
  of 
  the 
  

   ancient 
  world. 
  

  

  Head 
  of 
  Amenophis 
  (Amenhotep) 
  IV, 
  King 
  of 
  Egypt 
  about 
  1375 
  

   B. 
  C. 
  Cast. 
  Amenophis 
  IV 
  is 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  " 
  reformer 
  " 
  or 
  " 
  heretic 
  

   King," 
  because 
  he 
  introduced 
  a 
  sort 
  of 
  monotheism, 
  consisting 
  in 
  the 
  

   sole 
  worship 
  of 
  the 
  sun 
  god 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  solar 
  disk. 
  The 
  

   original, 
  of 
  limestone, 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Berlin, 
  Germany. 
  

  

  Head 
  of 
  the 
  Queen 
  of 
  Amenophis 
  IV. 
  Cast. 
  Original, 
  of 
  lime- 
  

   stone, 
  is 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Berlin, 
  Germany. 
  

  

  Statuette 
  of 
  the 
  Queen 
  of 
  Amenophis 
  IV. 
  Cast. 
  Original, 
  of 
  

   limestone, 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  Berlin, 
  Germany. 
  

  

  32. 
  In 
  the 
  alcove, 
  plaster 
  model 
  of 
  the 
  Stonehenge. 
  The 
  Stone- 
  

   henge 
  is 
  a 
  megalithic 
  monument 
  standing 
  on 
  Salisbury 
  Plain, 
  Wilt- 
  

   shire, 
  England. 
  Few 
  of 
  the 
  huge 
  stones 
  now 
  remain 
  in 
  their 
  original 
  

   position. 
  From 
  the 
  portions 
  of 
  the 
  structure 
  still 
  extant 
  it 
  is 
  as- 
  

   sumed 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  composed 
  about 
  as 
  follows: 
  In 
  the 
  center 
  was 
  a 
  

   large 
  slab 
  — 
  the 
  altar 
  stone 
  — 
  15 
  feet 
  long. 
  Around 
  this, 
  19 
  mono- 
  

   lithic 
  pillars, 
  over 
  20 
  feet 
  in 
  average 
  height, 
  were 
  set 
  in 
  a 
  horse- 
  

   shoe 
  or 
  ellipse. 
  The 
  open 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  horseshoe 
  faces 
  the 
  sunrise 
  

   at 
  the 
  summer 
  solstice. 
  Surrounding 
  this, 
  and 
  concentric 
  with 
  it, 
  

   was 
  another 
  horseshoe 
  composed 
  of 
  5 
  triliths, 
  formed 
  each 
  of 
  

   10 
  monolithic 
  pillars 
  with 
  their 
  capstones. 
  Outside 
  this 
  ellipse 
  was 
  

   a 
  circle 
  of 
  30 
  or 
  40 
  smaller 
  pillars. 
  This 
  was 
  inclosed 
  within 
  

   another 
  circle 
  of 
  about 
  100 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter, 
  formed 
  by 
  30 
  great 
  

   monolithic 
  pillars 
  capped 
  with 
  large 
  lintel 
  stones. 
  Outside 
  of 
  this 
  

   circle, 
  again, 
  was 
  a 
  circular 
  earthwork, 
  or 
  rampart, 
  inclosing 
  an 
  

   area 
  about 
  300 
  feet 
  in 
  diameter. 
  

  

  Excavations 
  undertaken 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  the 
  monument 
  brought 
  to 
  

   light, 
  together 
  with 
  some 
  coins 
  and 
  pottery 
  fragments, 
  nearly 
  100 
  

   stone 
  implements 
  of 
  various 
  kinds 
  which 
  had 
  been 
  employed 
  in 
  

   dressing 
  the 
  rude 
  blocks 
  into 
  regular 
  shape. 
  

  

  