﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  469 
  

  

  comes 
  the 
  term 
  " 
  alchohol," 
  the 
  fineness 
  of 
  the 
  powder 
  suggesting 
  

   the 
  idea 
  of 
  highly 
  rectified 
  spirits 
  (pi. 
  31, 
  fig. 
  4). 
  

  

  Lachish 
  Tablet 
  (the 
  original 
  of 
  clay 
  is 
  in 
  Constantinople). 
  This 
  

   tablet 
  was 
  discovered 
  in 
  1892, 
  by 
  Dr. 
  F. 
  J. 
  Bliss, 
  in 
  the 
  ruins 
  of 
  Tell 
  

   el 
  Hesy, 
  on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  the 
  ancient 
  Lachish, 
  which 
  was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  

   capitals 
  of 
  the 
  Canaanites, 
  situated 
  southeast 
  of 
  Jerusalem, 
  between 
  

   Gaza 
  and 
  Eleutheropolis, 
  conquered 
  by 
  Joshua 
  (compare 
  Joshua 
  x, 
  

   3, 
  31, 
  and 
  32). 
  It 
  was 
  also 
  besieged 
  and 
  taken 
  by 
  the 
  Assyrian 
  king, 
  

   Sennacherib, 
  during 
  his 
  invasion 
  of 
  Judah 
  (II 
  Kings 
  xviii 
  and 
  xix; 
  

   Isaiah 
  xxxvi 
  and 
  xxxvii), 
  in 
  701 
  B. 
  C, 
  and 
  later 
  succumbed 
  to 
  

   Nebuchadnezzar. 
  The 
  tablet, 
  which 
  dates 
  before 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  

   Palestine 
  by 
  the 
  Israelites, 
  contains, 
  in 
  cuneiform 
  script 
  and 
  in 
  a 
  

   Semitic 
  dialect 
  akin 
  to 
  the 
  Aramaic, 
  a 
  letter 
  from 
  the 
  chief 
  of 
  the 
  

   territory 
  adjoining 
  Lachish, 
  probably 
  to 
  the 
  governor 
  of 
  Lachish, 
  

   complaining 
  that 
  marauders 
  from 
  the 
  neighboring 
  region 
  are 
  be- 
  

   setting 
  Atim, 
  which 
  is 
  probably 
  identical 
  with 
  Etam, 
  of 
  the 
  south 
  

   of 
  Judah, 
  mentioned 
  in 
  I 
  Chronicles, 
  iv, 
  32, 
  and 
  Samhi 
  or 
  Sam'a, 
  

   now 
  probably 
  represented 
  by 
  the 
  large 
  ruin 
  of 
  Sam'ah, 
  situated 
  5 
  

   miles 
  to 
  the 
  south 
  of 
  Etam. 
  

  

  Hebrew 
  seals. 
  The 
  use 
  of 
  seals 
  or 
  signet 
  rings 
  is 
  already 
  men- 
  

   tioned 
  in 
  the 
  Patriarchal 
  epoch, 
  Genesis 
  xxxviii, 
  18. 
  The 
  seal 
  was 
  

   either 
  hung 
  on 
  a 
  string 
  around 
  the 
  neck, 
  or 
  worn 
  in 
  rings 
  on 
  the 
  

   finger 
  (compare 
  Jeremiah 
  xxii, 
  24). 
  The 
  seal 
  was 
  used 
  for 
  signing 
  

   letters 
  and 
  documents, 
  and 
  also 
  for 
  sealing 
  purses, 
  doors, 
  and 
  the 
  

   like 
  (compare 
  I 
  Kings 
  xxi, 
  8; 
  Job 
  xiv, 
  17; 
  Matthew 
  xxvii, 
  66). 
  

   The 
  custom 
  of 
  making 
  an 
  impression 
  with 
  the 
  seal 
  upon 
  the 
  forehead 
  

   of 
  a 
  person 
  is 
  alluded 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  Epistle 
  to 
  the 
  Galatians 
  vi, 
  17; 
  

   Revelation 
  vii, 
  3. 
  

  

  Seal 
  of 
  Haggai, 
  Son 
  of 
  Shebaniah. 
  (Cast 
  of 
  the 
  original 
  of 
  

   black 
  stone). 
  Jerusalem. 
  Found 
  by 
  Sir 
  Charles 
  Warren 
  in 
  1867 
  

   near 
  the 
  Haram 
  esh-Sherif, 
  the 
  mosque 
  of 
  Omar 
  (on 
  the 
  site 
  of 
  

   the 
  temple). 
  The 
  names 
  Haggai 
  and 
  Shebaniah 
  may 
  be 
  connected 
  

   with 
  the 
  rebuilding 
  of 
  the 
  Temple. 
  

  

  Ancient 
  Hebrew 
  Weight. 
  (Cast 
  from 
  the 
  original 
  of 
  hematite.) 
  

   Samaria. 
  Found 
  by 
  Dr. 
  Th. 
  Chaplin. 
  Weighs 
  about 
  4 
  grains. 
  

   Inscribed 
  " 
  quarter 
  of 
  a 
  quarter 
  of 
  netzeg" 
  which 
  may 
  have 
  been 
  

   a 
  standard 
  weight 
  in 
  Palestine. 
  

  

  Wright 
  bead. 
  (Cast 
  from 
  original 
  of 
  reddish 
  yellow 
  stone.) 
  

   Jerusalem. 
  Obtained 
  by 
  Prof. 
  T. 
  F. 
  Wright. 
  Inscribed 
  netseg, 
  

   which 
  may 
  denote 
  standard 
  weight, 
  

  

  Syrian 
  inkhorn 
  (Hebrew, 
  geseth 
  hu-sofer), 
  made 
  of 
  brass. 
  Pal- 
  

   estine. 
  The 
  inkhorn 
  is 
  mentioned 
  in 
  Ezekiel 
  ix, 
  2, 
  as 
  being 
  car- 
  

   ried 
  " 
  by 
  the 
  side," 
  that 
  is, 
  fastened 
  to 
  the 
  girdle 
  of 
  the 
  scribe. 
  It 
  

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