﻿470 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  is 
  still 
  carried 
  in 
  this 
  fashion 
  in 
  the 
  Orient. 
  The 
  inkhorn 
  con- 
  

   sists 
  of 
  a 
  tube 
  containing 
  reed 
  pens 
  and 
  a 
  receptacle 
  for 
  ink. 
  

   (PL 
  31, 
  fig. 
  5.) 
  

  

  A 
  selection 
  of 
  Coins 
  of 
  Bible 
  Lands. 
  Coined 
  money, 
  which 
  

   originated 
  about 
  700 
  B. 
  C. 
  in 
  Lydia, 
  did 
  not 
  circulate 
  among 
  the 
  

   Israelites 
  previous 
  to 
  their 
  return 
  from 
  the 
  Babylonian 
  captivity. 
  

   The 
  money 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  Bible 
  before 
  this 
  date 
  consisted 
  of 
  

   precious 
  metals, 
  mostly 
  silver, 
  in 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  bars, 
  ingots 
  (properly 
  

   "tongue," 
  Joshua 
  vii, 
  21), 
  disks 
  (Kikkar), 
  or 
  rings 
  (often 
  rep- 
  

   resented 
  on 
  Egyptian 
  monuments) 
  which 
  may 
  have 
  had 
  a 
  fixed 
  

   valuation 
  and 
  weight. 
  Generally 
  the 
  metal 
  was 
  weighed 
  on 
  scales 
  

   to 
  determine 
  its 
  value. 
  Thus 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  the 
  piece 
  of 
  money 
  most 
  

   frequently 
  occurring 
  in 
  the 
  Bible, 
  the 
  Shekel, 
  properly 
  denotes 
  

   " 
  weight." 
  

  

  The 
  first 
  coins 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  Bible 
  after 
  the 
  exile 
  are 
  the 
  

   Adarkon 
  and 
  Darkemon 
  (Ezra 
  viii, 
  27; 
  Nehemiah 
  vii, 
  72), 
  which 
  

   are 
  identified 
  with 
  the 
  Persian 
  gold 
  Daric. 
  Upon 
  the 
  overthrow 
  of 
  

   the 
  Persian 
  monarchy, 
  Greek 
  coins 
  of 
  the 
  denominations 
  of 
  talents 
  

   and 
  drachms 
  began 
  to 
  circulate 
  in 
  Palestine. 
  The 
  earliest 
  Jewish 
  

   coins 
  are 
  shekels 
  and 
  half 
  shekels 
  of 
  silver, 
  and 
  one-sixth 
  of 
  shekel 
  

   of 
  bronze, 
  struck 
  by 
  Simon 
  Maccabaeus, 
  143 
  B. 
  C. 
  (I 
  Maccab. 
  xv, 
  6). 
  

   Some 
  attribute 
  the 
  first 
  coinage 
  of 
  the 
  shekel 
  to 
  Ezra. 
  The 
  succeed- 
  

   ing 
  Maccabaean 
  or 
  Hasmonaean 
  princes 
  down 
  to 
  37 
  B. 
  C. 
  struck 
  

   small 
  bronze 
  coins 
  with 
  Hebrew 
  or 
  Hebrew 
  and 
  Greek 
  inscriptions. 
  

   The 
  Idumaean 
  or 
  Herodian 
  princes 
  coined 
  bronze 
  money 
  bearing 
  

   their 
  names 
  in 
  Greek 
  characters. 
  At 
  the 
  same 
  time 
  the 
  Roman 
  

   procurators 
  of 
  Judaea 
  (since 
  6 
  B. 
  C.) 
  also 
  struck 
  bronze 
  coins 
  

   with 
  Greek 
  inscriptions. 
  The 
  last 
  coins 
  struck 
  by 
  the 
  Jews 
  were 
  

   those 
  during 
  the 
  revolt 
  under 
  Bar-Cochba 
  (132 
  A. 
  D.). 
  Greek 
  and 
  

   Roman 
  money 
  was 
  current 
  in 
  Palestine 
  in 
  addition 
  to 
  the 
  native 
  

   Hebrew 
  coins, 
  as 
  seen 
  from 
  the 
  New 
  Testament. 
  The 
  selection 
  in- 
  

   cludes 
  the 
  following 
  coins. 
  

  

  Shekel. 
  Silver. 
  Attributed 
  to 
  Simon 
  Maccabaeus. 
  Obverse, 
  Pot 
  

   of 
  Manna 
  (Exod. 
  xvi, 
  33), 
  with 
  legend: 
  "Shekel 
  of 
  Israel, 
  year 
  

   two:" 
  reverse, 
  Budding 
  rod 
  of 
  Aaron 
  (Numb, 
  xvii, 
  8), 
  legend: 
  

   " 
  Holy 
  Jerusalem." 
  

  

  Coin 
  of 
  John 
  Hyrcanus 
  (136-106 
  B. 
  C). 
  Original 
  of 
  copper. 
  

   Obverse, 
  " 
  Jochanan, 
  High 
  Priest 
  and 
  Prince 
  of 
  the 
  Jewish 
  Con- 
  

   federation 
  " 
  ; 
  reverse, 
  Two 
  cornucopias 
  and 
  a 
  poppy 
  head. 
  

  

  Widow's 
  Mite. 
  Coin 
  of 
  Alexander 
  Jannaeus 
  (105-78 
  B. 
  C). 
  

   Copper 
  (facsimile). 
  Obverse, 
  "Jonathan 
  the 
  High 
  Priest 
  and 
  the 
  

   Confederation 
  of 
  the 
  Jews" 
  within 
  a 
  wreath 
  of 
  olive; 
  reverse, 
  Two 
  

   cornucopias 
  and 
  a 
  poppy 
  head. 
  It 
  is 
  assumed 
  that 
  this 
  or 
  a 
  similar 
  

  

  

  