﻿474 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  third 
  missionary 
  voyage 
  and 
  founded 
  congregations 
  in 
  several 
  of 
  its 
  

   cities 
  (Acts 
  xvi 
  and 
  xx). 
  

  

  Didrachms 
  of 
  Athens. 
  Silver. 
  (470 
  to 
  230 
  B. 
  C). 
  Obverse, 
  

   Head 
  of 
  Athene 
  (Minerva) 
  ; 
  reverse, 
  Owl. 
  Athens, 
  the 
  former 
  

   capital 
  of 
  Attica 
  and 
  the 
  modern 
  capital 
  of 
  Greece, 
  was 
  visited 
  by 
  

   Paul, 
  where 
  he 
  delivered 
  'the 
  discourse 
  on 
  the 
  Areopagus 
  (Acts 
  xvii, 
  

   15 
  ff.). 
  

  

  Tetradrachms 
  of 
  Athens. 
  Silver. 
  (470 
  to 
  230 
  B. 
  C). 
  Obverse, 
  

   Head 
  of 
  Athene 
  (Minerva) 
  ; 
  reverse, 
  Owl 
  (the 
  bird 
  sacred 
  to 
  

   Athene) 
  (pi. 
  32). 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  the 
  case: 
  Goatskin 
  water 
  bag 
  (Hebrew, 
  nod, 
  

   hemeth). 
  Palestine. 
  Skin 
  bottles 
  are 
  referred 
  to 
  in 
  Genesis 
  xxi, 
  

   14 
  ; 
  Joshua 
  ix, 
  5. 
  Christ 
  employs 
  them 
  in 
  a 
  comparison, 
  " 
  Neither 
  

   do 
  men 
  put 
  new 
  wine 
  into 
  old 
  wine 
  skins 
  " 
  (Matthew 
  ix, 
  17). 
  Such 
  

   bottles 
  are 
  made 
  from 
  the 
  whole 
  skins 
  of 
  animals, 
  generally 
  the 
  goat. 
  

   After 
  the 
  animal 
  is 
  killed 
  and 
  its 
  feet 
  and 
  head 
  removed, 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  

   the 
  body 
  is 
  drawn 
  out 
  entire 
  without 
  opening 
  the 
  belly, 
  and 
  after 
  

   the 
  skin 
  has 
  been 
  tanned, 
  the 
  places 
  where 
  the 
  legs 
  were 
  cut 
  off 
  are 
  

   sewed 
  up 
  ; 
  when 
  the 
  skin 
  is 
  filled 
  it 
  is 
  tied 
  about 
  the 
  neck 
  Skin 
  bot- 
  

   tles 
  are 
  also 
  in 
  use 
  in 
  Spain, 
  in 
  the 
  City 
  of 
  Mexico, 
  and 
  by 
  the 
  Eski- 
  

   mos 
  (pi. 
  33, 
  fig. 
  3). 
  

  

  SYRIAN 
  MORTAR 
  AND 
  PESTLE. 
  STRIA. 
  

  

  The 
  mortar 
  is 
  of 
  white 
  marble, 
  8 
  inches 
  high 
  by 
  12 
  inches 
  square 
  ; 
  

   the 
  pestle 
  is 
  of 
  wood, 
  14 
  inches 
  long. 
  The 
  mortar 
  is 
  at 
  present 
  used 
  

   in 
  Syria, 
  particularly 
  in 
  the 
  preparation 
  of 
  a 
  dish 
  called 
  Koebe, 
  con- 
  

   sisting 
  of 
  meat 
  and 
  wheat, 
  which, 
  after 
  having 
  been 
  crushed 
  in 
  the 
  

   mortar, 
  is 
  rolled 
  out, 
  cut 
  in 
  diamond 
  forms, 
  which, 
  sandwiched 
  with 
  

   layers 
  of 
  meat, 
  are 
  baked 
  in 
  a 
  pan. 
  In 
  ancient 
  times 
  the 
  mortar 
  was 
  

   used 
  for 
  crushing 
  grain 
  in 
  general. 
  Many 
  stone 
  mortars 
  have 
  been 
  

   found 
  in 
  the 
  excavations 
  of 
  Gezer, 
  a 
  city 
  often 
  mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  Old 
  

   Testament 
  (Joshua 
  x, 
  33; 
  xvi, 
  10, 
  etc.). 
  

  

  MILLSTONES 
  (HEBREW. 
  REHATIM 
  ) 
  . 
  BAGHDAD, 
  MESOPOTAMIA. 
  

  

  Millstones 
  are 
  often 
  referred 
  to 
  in 
  the 
  Bible, 
  and 
  they 
  are 
  still 
  used 
  

   in 
  grinding 
  corn, 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  form 
  as 
  in 
  ancient 
  times. 
  They 
  consist 
  

   of 
  two 
  cylindrical 
  stones; 
  the 
  lower 
  one 
  is 
  firmly 
  planted 
  on 
  the 
  

   ground 
  and 
  provided 
  with 
  a 
  convex 
  upper 
  surface 
  on 
  which 
  the 
  con- 
  

   cave 
  under 
  surface 
  of 
  the 
  other 
  stone 
  revolves. 
  The 
  upper 
  stone, 
  

   which 
  is 
  called 
  rekeb 
  or 
  rider, 
  has 
  a 
  hole 
  through 
  its 
  center 
  into 
  which 
  

   the 
  grain 
  is 
  dropped, 
  and 
  through 
  which 
  runs 
  a 
  shaft 
  to 
  hold 
  the 
  

   stone 
  in 
  place. 
  A 
  handle 
  attached 
  to 
  the 
  " 
  rider 
  " 
  enables 
  a 
  person 
  

   sitting 
  near 
  to 
  turn 
  it 
  around 
  and 
  grind 
  the 
  grain, 
  which 
  is 
  fed 
  with 
  

  

  

  