﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  489 
  

  

  was 
  the 
  especial 
  instrument 
  of 
  David 
  (I 
  Samuel 
  xvi, 
  23). 
  Later 
  it 
  

   was 
  one 
  of 
  the 
  important 
  instruments 
  of 
  the 
  temple 
  orchestra 
  (I 
  

   Chronciles 
  xv, 
  16; 
  II 
  Chronicles 
  xxix, 
  25). 
  The 
  exiles 
  hung 
  their 
  

   harps 
  on 
  the 
  willows 
  by 
  the 
  waters 
  of 
  Babylon 
  (Psalms 
  cxxxvii, 
  2). 
  

   To 
  judge 
  from 
  representations 
  on 
  Egyptian 
  monuments 
  and 
  Jewish 
  

   coins 
  of 
  the 
  second 
  century 
  B. 
  C, 
  the 
  kinnor 
  resembled 
  the 
  Greek 
  

   Mthara 
  more 
  than 
  the 
  modern 
  trigonal 
  harp, 
  and 
  as 
  a 
  matter 
  

   of 
  fact 
  the 
  Hebrew 
  kinnor 
  is 
  usually 
  rendered 
  Mthara 
  by 
  the 
  

   Septuagint, 
  the 
  oldest 
  Greek 
  version 
  of 
  the 
  Old 
  Testament. 
  Jewish 
  

   coins 
  show 
  lyres 
  with 
  three, 
  five, 
  and 
  six 
  strings. 
  A 
  similar 
  in- 
  

   strument 
  was 
  also 
  in 
  use 
  among 
  the 
  Assyrians. 
  In 
  its 
  smaller 
  form 
  

   it 
  could 
  easily 
  be 
  carried 
  about 
  in 
  processions, 
  as 
  the 
  representations 
  

   on 
  the 
  monuments, 
  both 
  Egyptian 
  and 
  Assyrian, 
  show. 
  

  

  (2) 
  Psaltery 
  (Hebrew, 
  nebel). 
  The 
  psaltery, 
  or 
  lute, 
  is 
  often 
  

   mentioned 
  in 
  the 
  Bible 
  together 
  with 
  the 
  harp, 
  though 
  it 
  seems 
  to 
  

   have 
  been 
  less 
  used 
  than 
  the 
  latter. 
  It 
  is 
  likely 
  that 
  the 
  psaltery 
  

   resembled 
  what 
  is 
  now 
  known 
  in 
  the 
  East 
  as 
  the 
  tamboora, 
  or 
  guitar, 
  

   an 
  instrument 
  which 
  also 
  figures 
  largely 
  on 
  the 
  Egyptian 
  and 
  

   Assyrian 
  monuments. 
  In 
  its 
  present 
  shape 
  the 
  psaltery 
  is 
  thus 
  de- 
  

   scribed 
  : 
  " 
  In 
  its 
  most 
  complete 
  and 
  perfect 
  form, 
  this 
  instrument 
  is 
  

   3 
  feet 
  9 
  inches 
  long, 
  has 
  ten 
  strings 
  of 
  fine 
  wire 
  and 
  47 
  stops. 
  It 
  

   is 
  played 
  with 
  a 
  plectrum, 
  and 
  is 
  often 
  inlaid 
  with 
  mother-of-pearl 
  

   and 
  valuable 
  woods. 
  It 
  is 
  oftener, 
  however, 
  of 
  smaller 
  size 
  and 
  less 
  

   costly 
  materials." 
  (Van 
  Lennep, 
  Bible 
  Lands, 
  p. 
  612.) 
  The 
  church 
  

   father 
  Jerome 
  states 
  that 
  the 
  nebel, 
  whose 
  name 
  became 
  nabla 
  and 
  

   nablium 
  in 
  Greek 
  and 
  Latin, 
  had 
  the 
  form 
  of 
  the 
  Greek 
  letter 
  A, 
  

   that 
  is, 
  was 
  a 
  triangular 
  pointed 
  harp. 
  

  

  On 
  the 
  bottom 
  of 
  one 
  case 
  is 
  a 
  collection 
  of 
  Turkish 
  and 
  Persian 
  

   glazed 
  and 
  enameled 
  tiles. 
  

  

  37. 
  Contains 
  a 
  collection 
  of 
  pottery 
  from 
  various 
  localities. 
  

  

  38. 
  In 
  the 
  alcove, 
  Round 
  Altar 
  of 
  the 
  Twelve 
  Gods. 
  Cast 
  from 
  

   an 
  original 
  of 
  marble 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  the 
  Capitol, 
  Rome. 
  The 
  

   twelve 
  gods, 
  with 
  their 
  attributes, 
  represented 
  in 
  relief, 
  are, 
  in 
  order 
  

   from 
  right 
  to 
  left, 
  as 
  follows: 
  1. 
  Zeus, 
  with 
  scepter 
  and 
  thunder- 
  

   bolt 
  ; 
  2. 
  Hera 
  ; 
  3. 
  Athene, 
  with 
  lance, 
  helmet, 
  and 
  aegis 
  ; 
  4. 
  Heracles, 
  

   with 
  lion's 
  skin, 
  club, 
  and 
  bow 
  ; 
  5. 
  Apollo, 
  with 
  bow 
  and 
  quiver 
  ; 
  6. 
  

   Artemis, 
  with 
  bow; 
  7. 
  Ares, 
  with 
  shield 
  and 
  helmet; 
  8. 
  Perhaps 
  

   Aphrodite; 
  9. 
  Probably 
  Demeter, 
  with 
  scepter 
  and 
  torch; 
  10. 
  

   Hermes, 
  with 
  cap, 
  wand, 
  wings, 
  and 
  ram 
  ; 
  11. 
  Poseidon, 
  with 
  trident 
  ; 
  

   12. 
  Hephaestus 
  (Vulcan), 
  with 
  hammer. 
  

  

  39-43. 
  The 
  last 
  five 
  wall 
  cases 
  are 
  given 
  over 
  to 
  Greco-Roman 
  

   sculptures; 
  

  

  Above, 
  on 
  the 
  wall 
  of 
  the 
  cases, 
  are 
  votive 
  reliefs, 
  sepulchral 
  

   stelae, 
  and 
  reduced 
  casts 
  in 
  frames 
  of 
  the 
  Pergamon 
  altar 
  reliefs. 
  

  

  