﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  ARCHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASA2STOWICZ. 
  493 
  

  

  Ranged 
  on 
  bases 
  at 
  the 
  south 
  end 
  of 
  the 
  hall 
  are 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  large 
  

   sculptures. 
  

  

  45. 
  " 
  The 
  Fates." 
  Original, 
  of 
  marble, 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Museum, 
  

   London. 
  The 
  two 
  female 
  figures 
  formed 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  decoration 
  of 
  

   the 
  eastern 
  pediment 
  of 
  the 
  Parthenon 
  in 
  Athens, 
  Greece. 
  They 
  are 
  

   commonly 
  interpreted 
  to 
  represent, 
  with 
  a 
  third 
  female 
  figure 
  which 
  

   was 
  seated 
  at 
  their 
  head, 
  the 
  three 
  Fates 
  (in 
  Greek, 
  moirai; 
  in 
  Latin, 
  

   parcae), 
  who 
  rule 
  the 
  destinies 
  of 
  men 
  and 
  all 
  things. 
  Their 
  names 
  

   in 
  Greco-Roman 
  mythology 
  are: 
  Clotho, 
  the 
  spinner 
  of 
  the 
  thread 
  

   of 
  life, 
  usually 
  with 
  a 
  spindle; 
  Lachesis, 
  the 
  disposer 
  of 
  lots, 
  who 
  

   determines 
  its 
  length, 
  with 
  a 
  globe 
  or 
  scroll, 
  on 
  which 
  she 
  writes 
  the 
  

   destiny 
  ; 
  and 
  Atropos, 
  the 
  inevitable, 
  who 
  cuts 
  it 
  off, 
  with 
  shears 
  or 
  

   scales. 
  

  

  46. 
  The 
  Laocoon 
  Group. 
  Cast 
  of 
  an 
  original 
  of 
  Greek 
  marble, 
  

   now 
  in 
  the 
  Museum 
  of 
  the 
  Vatican, 
  Rome, 
  which 
  was 
  found 
  in 
  1506, 
  

   among 
  the 
  ruins 
  of 
  the 
  palace 
  of 
  Titus, 
  on 
  the 
  Esquiline, 
  Rome. 
  

   The 
  group 
  depicts 
  the 
  death, 
  during 
  the 
  Trojan 
  War, 
  of 
  Laocoon 
  and 
  

   his 
  two 
  sons, 
  as 
  described 
  chiefly 
  by 
  Virgil 
  in 
  the 
  Aeneid. 
  Pliny 
  

   (Natural 
  History, 
  xxxvi, 
  5) 
  , 
  who 
  saw 
  the 
  original 
  work 
  in 
  the 
  palace 
  

   of 
  Titus, 
  ascribes 
  its 
  execution 
  to 
  Agesander, 
  Polydorus, 
  and 
  Atheno- 
  

   dorus, 
  Rhodian 
  artists, 
  who 
  probably 
  lived 
  in 
  the 
  time 
  of 
  Titus 
  (d. 
  

   80 
  A. 
  D.). 
  

  

  47. 
  Corinthian 
  Capital. 
  Cast 
  from 
  the 
  capital 
  (partly 
  restored) 
  

   of 
  a 
  marble 
  column 
  of 
  the 
  temple 
  of 
  Castor, 
  also 
  known 
  as 
  the 
  tem- 
  

   ple 
  of 
  Jupiter 
  Stator, 
  in 
  the 
  Forum 
  in 
  Rome. 
  This 
  temple, 
  of 
  which 
  

   only 
  three 
  columns 
  and 
  the 
  base 
  remain 
  standing, 
  was 
  originally 
  

   erected 
  in 
  496 
  B. 
  C. 
  ; 
  rebuilt 
  in 
  117 
  B. 
  C. 
  ; 
  and 
  again 
  rebulit 
  under 
  

   Trojan 
  (98-117 
  A. 
  D.) 
  or 
  Hadrian 
  (117-138 
  A. 
  D.). 
  It 
  is 
  con- 
  

   sidered 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  the 
  most 
  beautiful 
  example 
  of 
  Roman 
  archi- 
  

   tecture, 
  and 
  the 
  capitals 
  of 
  its 
  columns 
  the 
  most 
  finished 
  and 
  elegant 
  

   of 
  the 
  Corinthian 
  order 
  as 
  developed 
  by 
  the 
  Romans. 
  The 
  basis 
  of 
  

   the 
  capital 
  is 
  a 
  cylindrical 
  core, 
  which 
  expands 
  slightly 
  toward 
  the 
  

   top 
  so 
  as 
  to 
  become 
  bell-shaped. 
  Around 
  the 
  lower 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  core 
  

   are 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  eight 
  conventionalized 
  acanthus 
  leaves, 
  based 
  on 
  the 
  

   plant 
  of 
  the 
  Acanthus 
  spinosus. 
  From 
  these 
  rise 
  eight 
  principal 
  

   stalks 
  which 
  combine 
  to 
  form 
  four 
  pairs 
  of 
  volutes, 
  one 
  under 
  each 
  

   corner 
  of 
  the 
  abacus, 
  while 
  smaller 
  stalks, 
  branching 
  from 
  the 
  first, 
  

   cover 
  the 
  rest 
  of 
  the 
  upper 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  core. 
  Between 
  the 
  angle 
  and 
  

   center 
  volutes 
  rise 
  tendrils 
  from 
  which 
  foliage 
  is 
  carried 
  along 
  the 
  

   cavetto 
  molding 
  of 
  the 
  abacus. 
  The 
  abacus 
  is 
  on 
  the 
  plan 
  of 
  a 
  square 
  

   whose 
  sides 
  have 
  been 
  hollowed 
  out 
  and 
  the 
  corners 
  truncated. 
  From 
  

   the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  abacus 
  springs 
  out, 
  on 
  each 
  face, 
  an 
  eight-petaled 
  

   rosette. 
  

  

  