﻿494 
  ANNUAL 
  REPORT 
  SMITHSONIAN 
  INSTITUTION, 
  1922. 
  

  

  The 
  cast 
  was 
  used 
  as 
  a 
  model 
  for 
  the 
  carving 
  of 
  the 
  capitals 
  of 
  the 
  

   columns 
  placed 
  at 
  the 
  southern 
  (main) 
  entrance 
  of 
  the 
  Natural 
  His- 
  

   tory 
  Building 
  of 
  the 
  United 
  States 
  National 
  Museum 
  (pi. 
  56). 
  

  

  48. 
  "The 
  Falling 
  Gladiator." 
  Original 
  cast 
  of 
  a 
  marble 
  statue 
  by 
  

   Dr. 
  William 
  Kiemer 
  (1816-1879). 
  

  

  49. 
  Egyptian 
  Lion. 
  Original 
  of 
  red 
  granite 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  Mu- 
  

   seum, 
  London. 
  It 
  is 
  inscribed 
  with 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Tutankhamon, 
  a 
  

   king 
  of 
  the 
  eighteenth 
  dynasty, 
  about 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  14th 
  century 
  

   B. 
  C, 
  who 
  dedicated 
  it 
  to 
  Amenophis 
  III. 
  

  

  50. 
  Hermes, 
  from 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  Andros. 
  Cast 
  of 
  an 
  original 
  of 
  

   marble 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  National 
  Museum 
  of 
  Athens, 
  Greece, 
  found 
  in 
  

   1833 
  on 
  the 
  Island 
  of 
  Andros. 
  It 
  probably 
  dates 
  from 
  the 
  4th 
  cen- 
  

   tury 
  B. 
  C. 
  Hermes 
  was 
  originally 
  the 
  protecting 
  deity 
  of 
  crops, 
  

   flocks, 
  and 
  roads. 
  His 
  usual 
  functions 
  were 
  those 
  of 
  a 
  messenger 
  of 
  

   Zeus 
  and 
  leader 
  of 
  souls 
  to 
  the 
  lower 
  world. 
  He 
  was 
  also 
  the 
  god 
  of 
  

   eloquence, 
  inventor 
  of 
  the 
  lyre, 
  and 
  patron 
  of 
  merchants 
  and 
  crafti- 
  

   ness. 
  The 
  Romans 
  identified 
  him 
  with 
  Mercury. 
  He 
  is 
  here 
  ap- 
  

   parently 
  represented 
  in 
  his 
  quality 
  as 
  conductor 
  of 
  souls. 
  Around 
  

   the 
  tree 
  trunk 
  is 
  coiled 
  a 
  serpent, 
  symbolic 
  of 
  the 
  connection 
  between 
  

   the 
  upper 
  and 
  the 
  lower 
  world, 
  and 
  in 
  one 
  of 
  his 
  hands 
  he 
  probably 
  

   held 
  the 
  wand 
  (caduceus). 
  Other 
  attributes 
  with 
  which 
  he 
  is 
  fre- 
  

   quently 
  represented 
  are 
  the 
  winged 
  cap 
  (petasus) 
  and 
  the 
  winged 
  

   sandals 
  (talaria). 
  

  

  51. 
  Ogam 
  Stone. 
  (Reproduction.) 
  From 
  Aglish, 
  County 
  Kerry, 
  

   Ireland. 
  The 
  Ogam 
  characters 
  are 
  on 
  the 
  two 
  upright 
  corners. 
  

   They 
  read 
  from 
  the 
  top 
  — 
  apilogdo 
  and 
  maqimaqa. 
  The 
  first 
  is 
  

   probably 
  a 
  proper 
  name, 
  while 
  Maqi 
  or 
  Maqa 
  means 
  "the 
  son 
  of." 
  

   The 
  inscription 
  is 
  imperfect. 
  It 
  has 
  been 
  rendered 
  Apilogdo, 
  the 
  

   son 
  or 
  grandson 
  of 
  some 
  unnamed 
  person, 
  but 
  various 
  interpreta- 
  

   tions 
  have 
  been 
  given. 
  

  

  Ogam 
  characters 
  form 
  a 
  written 
  alphabet 
  for 
  the 
  Gaelic 
  language, 
  

   in 
  use 
  in 
  parts 
  of 
  Ireland, 
  Wales, 
  and 
  the 
  Highlands 
  of 
  Scotland 
  

   during 
  the 
  prehistoric 
  period 
  and 
  continuing 
  into 
  the 
  early 
  cen- 
  

   turies 
  of 
  the 
  Christian 
  era. 
  They 
  consist 
  of 
  shorter 
  or 
  longer 
  par- 
  

   allel 
  marks 
  on 
  a 
  corner 
  or 
  stem 
  line 
  made 
  in 
  different 
  directions 
  

   and 
  in 
  groups 
  of 
  different 
  numbers. 
  They 
  can 
  be 
  translated 
  into 
  

   Roman 
  letters. 
  Marks 
  representing 
  consonants 
  are 
  from 
  3 
  to 
  5 
  

   inches 
  long; 
  those 
  from 
  the 
  corner 
  to 
  the 
  left, 
  at 
  right 
  angles, 
  and 
  

   in 
  groups 
  of 
  1, 
  2, 
  3, 
  4, 
  and 
  5 
  marks 
  stand, 
  respectively, 
  for 
  B, 
  L, 
  

   F, 
  S, 
  N; 
  the 
  same 
  to 
  the 
  right 
  stand 
  for 
  H, 
  D, 
  T, 
  C, 
  Q; 
  those 
  cross- 
  

   ing 
  the 
  corner 
  at 
  an 
  angle 
  of 
  45 
  degrees, 
  for 
  , 
  M, 
  G, 
  Ng, 
  St, 
  R 
  ; 
  

   while 
  the 
  vowels 
  are 
  shorter 
  lines 
  or 
  dots, 
  and 
  stand 
  for 
  A, 
  O, 
  E, 
  

   U, 
  I. 
  The 
  cross 
  stands 
  for 
  P, 
  or 
  the 
  diphthong 
  AE. 
  

  

  