﻿OLD 
  WORLD 
  AECHEOLOGY 
  — 
  CASANOWICZ. 
  495 
  

  

  52. 
  The 
  Parthenon. 
  Model 
  of 
  wood. 
  The 
  Parthenon 
  (" 
  maiden's 
  

   chamber 
  ") 
  was 
  the 
  temple 
  of 
  Athene 
  Parthenos 
  (" 
  maiden 
  god- 
  

   dess"), 
  the 
  tutelary 
  divinity 
  of 
  the 
  city 
  of 
  Athens. 
  It 
  was 
  erected 
  

   in 
  the 
  middle 
  of 
  the 
  fifth 
  century, 
  B. 
  C, 
  by 
  the 
  architects 
  Ictinus 
  

   and 
  Callicrates 
  under 
  the 
  direction 
  of 
  the 
  sculptor 
  Phidias, 
  and 
  

   stood 
  on 
  the 
  summit 
  of 
  the 
  Acropolis 
  of 
  Athens. 
  By 
  reason 
  of 
  the 
  

   perfection 
  of 
  its 
  proportions 
  and 
  the 
  nobility 
  of 
  its 
  sculptural 
  deco- 
  

   rations, 
  the 
  Parthenon 
  is 
  considered 
  the 
  most 
  perfect 
  monument 
  

   of 
  Greek 
  architecture 
  and 
  art. 
  It 
  measured 
  at 
  the 
  platform 
  228 
  

   by 
  101 
  feet, 
  while 
  its 
  height 
  was 
  65 
  feet, 
  and 
  was 
  surrounded 
  on 
  

   three 
  sides 
  by 
  a 
  Doric 
  colonnade. 
  It 
  was 
  wholly 
  built 
  of 
  Pentelic 
  

   marble, 
  and 
  all 
  its 
  parts 
  were 
  joined 
  and 
  adjusted 
  without 
  cement. 
  

   On 
  the 
  92 
  metopes 
  of 
  the 
  architrave 
  were 
  sculptured 
  the 
  battle 
  of 
  

   the 
  gods 
  with 
  the 
  giants, 
  the 
  contests 
  of 
  the 
  Greeks 
  with 
  the 
  Amazons 
  

   and 
  Centaurs, 
  and, 
  presumably, 
  the 
  conquest 
  of 
  Troy 
  and 
  the 
  victory 
  

   of 
  the 
  Greeks 
  over 
  the 
  Persians. 
  In 
  the 
  two 
  pediments 
  (gable 
  

   roofs) 
  were 
  colossal 
  groups 
  representing, 
  respectively, 
  the 
  birth 
  of 
  

   Athene, 
  and 
  the 
  dispute 
  between 
  Poseidon 
  (Neptune) 
  and 
  Athene 
  

   for 
  the 
  possession 
  of 
  Attica, 
  while 
  on 
  the 
  frieze, 
  which 
  ran 
  around 
  

   the 
  entire 
  building 
  to 
  a 
  length 
  of 
  522 
  feet 
  10 
  inches, 
  was 
  depicted, 
  

   in 
  relief, 
  the 
  procession 
  which 
  took 
  place 
  during 
  the 
  Panathenaea, 
  

   the 
  chief 
  festival 
  of 
  the 
  goddess. 
  Inside 
  the 
  temple 
  stood 
  the 
  statue 
  

   of 
  Athene, 
  made 
  of 
  gold 
  and 
  ivory, 
  ascribed 
  to 
  Phidias, 
  which, 
  with 
  

   its 
  pedestal, 
  rose 
  to 
  a 
  height 
  of 
  38 
  feet. 
  

  

  After 
  having 
  served 
  in 
  turn 
  as 
  a 
  Greek 
  temple, 
  Christian 
  church, 
  

   and 
  Mohammedan 
  mosque, 
  the 
  central 
  part 
  of 
  the 
  Parthenon 
  was 
  

   destroyed 
  by 
  a 
  powder 
  explosion 
  during 
  the 
  siege 
  of 
  Athens 
  by 
  the 
  

   Venetians 
  in 
  1687. 
  It 
  remains 
  standing 
  as 
  a 
  ruin 
  with 
  many 
  of 
  its 
  

   columns 
  in 
  place, 
  conveying 
  a 
  good 
  idea 
  of 
  its 
  original 
  proportions. 
  

   Most 
  of 
  the 
  sculptures 
  from 
  the 
  Parthenon 
  are 
  now 
  in 
  the 
  British 
  

   Museum 
  — 
  the 
  so-called 
  Elgin 
  marbles. 
  

  

  The 
  floor 
  space 
  in 
  the 
  hall 
  is 
  occupied 
  by 
  two 
  rows 
  of 
  alternating 
  

   double 
  slope-top 
  cases 
  with 
  upright 
  center 
  (called 
  "American," 
  

   cases) 
  and 
  flat-top 
  cases, 
  one 
  extending 
  through 
  the 
  middle, 
  the 
  

   other 
  being 
  on 
  the 
  window 
  side. 
  

  

  Beginning 
  at 
  the 
  north 
  end 
  with 
  the 
  middle 
  (east 
  side) 
  row: 
  

  

  53. 
  Containing 
  the 
  finer 
  and 
  older 
  Greek 
  and 
  Italian 
  pottery 
  (see 
  

   above, 
  p. 
  440), 
  ranging 
  from 
  the 
  seventh 
  to 
  the 
  fourth 
  century 
  B. 
  C. 
  

   (pi. 
  57). 
  

  

  54. 
  Bronzes, 
  necklaces, 
  and 
  lamps 
  from 
  Italy. 
  

  

  55. 
  Greek 
  and 
  Italian 
  pottery 
  (smaller 
  vessels). 
  Bronze 
  objects 
  

   used 
  for 
  personal 
  ornament; 
  Fibulae, 
  rings, 
  pins, 
  mirrors, 
  torques, 
  

   bracelets, 
  wristlets, 
  anklets, 
  and 
  figurines 
  of 
  man 
  and 
  animals. 
  

   Mostly 
  from 
  Italy 
  and 
  Switzerland. 
  

  

  