NEW SUBTERRANEAN COPEPODS—JAKOBI AND SILVA 395 
In some of its characters, P. brasilibathynellae shows a relationship 
with P. vicesima Klie, from Germany. The two species are similar 
in the lack of a rostrum, in the absence of a dorsal series of spines on 
the last abdominal segment, in having Enp. P.1 longer than Exp., 
and in the structure of P.5. P.5 in P. brasilibathynellae has only 
three spines but in P. vicesima has four, though in both the “‘dussere 
und innere Borste [sind] am lingsten’”’ (Lang, 1948, p. 1236), and the 
outer of the two terminal setae curves strongly outward. 
Of the remaining South American species of Parastenocaris (P. 
staheli, P. surinamensis, and P. chelifer), only the last exhibits a rela- 
tionship to P. brasilibathynellae, in the structure of P.1, P.2, and P.3. 
P. bidens Noodt (1955), which also lives in Brazilian waters, is quite 
different from our new species. 
With regard to Parastenocaris hurdi, it is of special interest that 
P. hurdi has many similarities to P. fonticola Borutzky, from Russia. 
The relationship lies not only in the general form of the legs, but also 
in their structural details, mainly those of the endopodites. In both 
species the terminal article of Exp. P.4 is curved in the same manner. 
The male of P. fonticola is still unknown. 
A comparison between P. brasilibathynellae and P. hurdi shows 
that the two species are quite different. This difference is especially 
striking in the form of P.3 male and of all the endopodites. 
Ecology 
The two new species described here live in association with Brasili- 
bathynella florianopolis Jakobi (1958), which dwells in the subter- 
ranean water of the well on the property of Mr. Olympio Pires, a 
fisherman in the village of Lagéa on the maritime island of Santa 
Catarina, Brazil. The maximum number of specimens are found in 
the colder months, May to October. During the warmer part of the 
year Parastenocaris, like Brasilibathynella, appears to retreat to the 
more temperate inner spaces of the interstitial sand system. Physical 
data at the site of collection were as follows: Temperature, 22°C; pH 
6.5; salinity, less than 0.2°/,; time of pumping, 45 to 60 minutes. 
It should be emphasized that the well water is fresh (cf. Jakobi, 
1958, p. 26, 31-32), although the brackish lagoon water (about 11°/,.) 
is only about 20 meters away. The well has existed since 1951 and is 
4 meters deep. It has a Norton tube, placed in the sand of old dunes 
already covered by vegetation. Many years ago the site of the present 
well was in a lagoon connected with the sea, which is now about 1 
kilometer away. This connection was eliminated by general eleva- 
tion of the coast and the subsequent formation of sand dunes. Mrs. 
Pires stated that the well has never been dry and is locally considered 
as the best drinking water available. 
