THE HESPERIDZ.. 89 
Before transformation proceeds, however, they swathe themselves 
with a set of silken lines, which cross and re-cross the body, and 
finally the thin, long, and angular chrysalis rests in a slight cocoon. 
The European species are all small, and the name of Pamphila 
is given to those of a genus which delight in underwood and 
thick forests. Their bodies are thinner than those of the other 
Flesperide, and the ends of their antennz are egg-shaped. 
The engraving represents the long and slender caterpillar 
and the elongate chrysalis, this being swathed with crossing 
fibres of silk. The butterfly is brownish black above, and the 
male is almost without spots, but the female is slightly marked 
with yellow. The posterior wings are ornamented beneath in 
both sexes with white spots, encircled with brown, and which 
resemble so many mirrors. This insect inhabits large woody 
tracts during June and July. The caterpillar, as shown in the 
engraving, is found on grasses in the spring; it is of a green 
colour, like the plant it feeds upon, and as it generally keeps 
near the stalk, is not readily discovered. The transformation 
into the pupa form is preceded by the formation of the silken 
swathing already noticed. 
The leaf-rolling propensity is especially noticed in a species 
of Syrichtus, one of the Hespertde, which curls up the mallow 
leaves upon which it feeds. 
The caterpillars of most of the Pafzlionide do not swathe 
their bodies, but place a silken girdle over themselves very 
cleverly, just before the first metamorphosis. The cabbage 
butterfly caterpillar, when it has shed its skin several times, 
and has attained its full growth, retires to a quiet place—on 
palings, or under the eaves, and fixes its tail-end to the surface 
upon which it is to hang for many months. It applies its 
mouth to the wood-work, for instance, and draws out some silk. 
After doing this several times, and thus producing a small silken 
tangle, the insect attaches the end of its body to the silk, and 
hangs head downwards. The caterpillar has thus fixed itself, 
and the end of the body grasps the silk so perfectly, that the 
whole hangs safely. But to prevent the wind moving the future 
chrysalis, and rubbing it against the wood, another operation 
is commenced. As it hangs head downwards, the caterpillar 
