THE APID. 261 
queen the bees produce others by feeding up the larva which 
should be workers. 
A larva is chosen for this important position, and its cell is 
enlarged, the neighbouring insects and their cells being destroyed 
to make room. Then the larva is fed up royally, and the develop- 
ment of its reproductive system increases, so that finally a change 
into a fertile female is perfected. 
It is perfectly certain that. a maiden female can produce 
a progeny, and that when there are several fertile females asso- 
ciated with males they fight until one is the conqueror, the 
workers dragging out the dead, and witnessing the combat. 
The influence of parasites upon the larve is considered else- 
where, as are also the destructive habits of the death’s head 
moth. 
There are some short and squat little bees with long legs and 
very varied colours, which have no sting, and several fertile females 
are said to live together in harmony amongst them. There may 
be some doubt about this last statement, but the species lives in 
South America, where naturalists are rather scarce. There are 
many species of these J7elipone, and ALelipona scutellaris is one 
of the largest, so far as the bulk of its insects is concerned. These 
bees make their nests in hollow trees, but are not slow to occupy 
a box or a basket, and they are soon domesticated. The en- 
graving represents part of a nest only, for these structures are 
very large, and the J/elipone are just as prodigal of their wax 
as the other bees are careful and sparing of it. The centre of the 
nest is occupied by the cells for the larvee in the form of a comb 
of one set of alveoli. The bees hoard up their honey in cells 
exactly like those in which their larve are to live, but the J7Ze/7- 
pone make very large vases of wax, in which they collect and 
store away honey and pollen, and locate them close to the larva 
cells, and the walls of these great store-houses are very thick 
and strong. 
The single rows of cells in combs placed one over the other 
are shown in the engraving of the nest of JZelipona scutellaris 
on the right hand, and close by are the large vesicles of wax, 
which are being filled by the workers. 
All the [Zymenoptera we have noticed are terrestrial, and the 
