350 TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. 
country in Ceylon is undermined by them. In Western Africa 
they resemble the common or ants proper in their habits. Like 
them they are composed of three kinds of individuals, males, 
females, and neuters or workers. They erect dwellings in the form 
of pyramids or cones; and TZermes bellicosus builds them up to 
a height of three or four yards, and flanks the edifices with little 
towers, and constructs them so solidly that several men may stand 
upon them without falling through. The neuters or soldiers, which 
are very large and have great jaws, are always ready to attack 
anybody molesting their habitations. Each house or community 
consists of a king and queen and labourers and the soldiers, 
and there are about a hundred of the labourers to each soldier. 
The military Zcrmes appear to be labourers in a further state 
A FEMALE Zermes FROM THE AFRICAN COAST. 
of development. The males and females are possessed of wings, 
and at the proper time they issue forth from the nest in immense 
numbers and take their flight. They begin to emigrate at the 
commencement of the rainy season, and as their wings are not 
strong, and are only calculated to carry them for a few hours, 
the number that perish by the heavy rains is enormous. It is 
said that perhaps not more than one pair out of many thousands 
reach a place of safety. . The fortunate pair which. do succeed 
are generally found by some of the labouring insects —which are 
continually running over the surface of the ground in the neigh- 
bourhood of their covered galleries—and are immediately elected 
king and queen of a new colony. The queen lays about sixty 
eggs in a minute, or 80,000 or upwards in the course of twenty- 
four hours, and they are instantly taken away by the others 
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