‘ tye, 
‘' ~e ’ s, +> +. 
e . re pit 
. 7. 
480 TRANSFORMATIONS OF INSECTS. i, 
“a 
Now the pupz of the C7zrripedes resemble greatly those of ‘some 
Crustacea which are called Rhizocephala. \n both the mouth is 
closed and useless, and the prehensile antennz are developed ; but 
in the Cirripedes there are eyes and some other proofs of a higher or- 
ganisation. The pupz of the C7zrrzpedes attach themselves, as has 
been explained, and those of the AAzzocephala fix themselves to the 
abdomen of common and hermit crabs. The future of the R/Azz0- 
cephalous pup is wonderful, and would be perfectly unique .were 
it not for the notice given above of the Azelasma. They remain ~ 
through life without mouth or any digestive apparatus ; they lose 
all their limbs completely after their metamorphosis from the pupa, 
and appear (writes Fritz Miller) as sausage-like sac-shaped or 
discoidal excrescences upon their victim or “ host,” filled with ova. 
From the point of attachment closed tubes—ramified-like roots—- 
sink into the interior of the “host,” twisting round its intestines 
even, or, becoming diffused amongst.the sac-like tubes of its liver. 
The only manifestations of life which persist in these non plus 
ultras in the series of retrogressively metamorphosed Creustacea 
are powerful contractions of the roots, and an alternate expansion 
and contraction of the body, in consequence of which water flows 
into the blood cavity, and is again expelled through a wide orifice. 
There is a close resemblance between the early larva or Nauplii © 
of the Rhizocephala and the Czrripedia, and the likeness of the» 
pupz to each other has been noticed; but then the retrograde 
metamorphosis causes an extreme divergence of character, the 
Anclasma \inking, however, the two orders Rhizocephala and 
Cirripedia together, and offering a strong evidence of their former 
common origin. (Fritz Miiller, translated by W. S. Dallas.) 
Thus the Crustacea, like some of the other great divisions of, 
the Articulata, have some kinds which do not undergo any meta- ; 
morphosis, and others in which the transformation is very great 
and progressive ; whilst'a few forms positively retrograde in their 
development during their wonderful evolution. 
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* CASSELL, PETTER, AND GALPIN, BELLE SAUVAGE WORKS, LONDON, E.C. 
