424 PROCEEDINGS OF UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM. 



10. Histiophorus americanus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. 



Gnehucit. hrasiUensibus, Maecgrave, Hist. Brasil. 1648. 



<^Scomber (jladius, Bloch, 1. c. 



<^lIisi\ophorus gladiiis, authors. — 



Histioiihorus americanus, Cuv. &, Val. 1. c. p. .S03. 



Skcpoiiopodus (jm-hucu, Nakdo, Isis, Heft iv, p. 416. 



The history of this species is given below. Liitken follows the general 

 lead in identifying this with JI. (jladius. 



11. Histiophorus orientalis, Temminck & Schlegel. 



Hhtiophorus orientalis, Temm. & Schleg. Fauna Japonca, Pisces, 1842, p. 103, 

 1)1. Iv (specimen 7 feet long, from Japan). — Gunther, op. cit. p. 514. — 

 LuTKEN, Vid. Med. Nat. Foren. 1875, p. 1, j)l. i (specimen 7 feet 1^ inches 

 long, from Singapore). 



In his first paper on the Sword fishes Liitken, though doubtful, seemed 

 inclined to consider this a distinct species. In "Spolia Atlantica" 

 he speaks of two species of Risiiophorufi, but I am unable to decide 

 whether it is this or H. gracilirostris which he regards as well separated 

 from R. (jladius. Speaking of the occurrence of this fish in the seas of 

 Japan, Temminck and Schlegel remark that its Japanese name is "He- 

 rivo''; that it is occasionally taken in autumn on the southwest coast of 

 Japan during the progress of the tunny fisherj', and that its flesh is 

 much esteemed. 



12. Histiophorus iinmaculatus, Eiippell. 



Histiophorus iinmaculatus, Ruppelt., Proc. Zool. Soc. iii, 1835, ]). 187 (abstract): 

 Trans. Zool. Soc. ii, p. 71, pi. xv: "N. W. Fische, p. 47, taf. xi, tig. 3".— 

 Gunther, 1. c. — Lijtkex, 11. c. — Day, Fish. India, 1876, p. 199. 



Eiippell's specimen came from Djetta on the Eed Sea, where the Arabs 

 caught it in a net. He regards it as rare because the Arabs had no 

 common name for it. The specimen is preserved in the museum at 

 Frankfort, and, if I rightly understand Dr. Liitken, is 18 inches long. 

 Dr. Liitken unhesitatingly pronounces it the young of R. (jladius or 

 R. orientalis, considering it to be slightly older than the one figured by 

 Cuvier and Valenciennes as R. pulchelliis. 



Day mentions a specimen of this species in the Madras Museum 5 feet 

 9 inches long. This, to be consistent with Liitken's theory, must be 

 regarded as a specimen in which the colors have disappeared. 



13. Histiophorus pulchellus, Cuvier & Valenciennes. 



HistiophoruH pulchellus, Cuv. & Val. Hist. Nat. Poiss. viii, 1831, j). 305, pi. 



CCXX.->-GtJXTHER, op. cit. p. 514. — LtJTKEX, 11. c. 



Cuvier and Valenciennes described under this name a specimen 4 

 inches loug taken in the Eastern Atlantic, north of the Cape of Good 

 Hope, probably somewhere on the west coast of Africa, by M. Eaynaud. 

 There were said to have been a great many more of the same size in the 

 place where it was taken. ^ , 



Liitken regards it as the young of RistiopJiorus gladius. He uses it to 



