NOTES OX MALAYAN PORCUPINES— LYON. 



577 



Tabular view of the jirincipal external and cranial characters of the genera of Old World 



jwrcupines — Continued. 



Characters. 



A mane or crest of long bristles on nape and upper back 



Nape and upper back mainly covered with flattened, grooved spines. 



Long quills (l.'iO to 300 mm.), dark, with light rings, on lower back 



Long quills (130 mm.), dark, with light base and apex and grooved flattened 



spines on lower back 



No quills in pelage, all grooved flattened spines, a few long stiff bristles on 



lower back 



Width of a single nasal contained in its length less than three times. 

 Width of a single nasal contained in its length about four times 



Nasals extend backward on upper surface of skull as far back as squamosal 

 roots of zygomata, contained in dorsal outline one and one-half times 



Nasals iiini'nly conlined to rustiiun, back only to level of lachrymal, contained 

 into dorsal outline two and one-half times." ". 



Nasals confined to rostrum, back to anterior margin of infraorbital foramen 

 contained into dorsal outline three and one-half times 



Malar thin but relatively very broad, without groove on lateral face 



Malar thick but relatively narrow, with well-marked groove on lateral face. 



Inferior bar of infraorbital foramen slender 



Inferior bar of infraorbital foramen heavy 



Outer bar of infraorbital foramen heavy 



Outer bar of infraorbital foramen slender 



Zygomatic process of maxilla forming only a very slight support for malar 



Zygomatic process of maxilla forming a well-marked backward support for 

 malar 



No interorbital constriction 



Interorbital constriction slightly indicated . 

 Evident, but slight interorbital constriction. 

 Well-marked interorbital constriction 



Adeiiicssidii on tup of skull at meeting of sagittal and coronal sutures at a level 

 posterior to sijuamosal roots of zygomata 



No depression on top of skull at meeting of sagittal and coronal sutures which 

 meet on line with squamosal roots of zygomata 



Supero-posterior lateral aspect of maxilla angular 



Supero-posterior lateral aspect of maxilla rounded 



Basi-occipi to-sphenoid scarcely narrowed between pterygoids. 

 Basi-occipito-sphenoid much narrowed between pterygoids 



Well-marked fossaon outside of mandible just beneath condylo-coronoid notch 

 No well-marked fossa on outside of mandible just beneath condvlo-coronoid 

 notch 



Number of dor.sal vertebr* 



Number of lumbar vertebrsea. 

 Number of sacral vertebrtea . . 

 Number of caudal vertebrsea. . 



Neural spine of axis large and much compressed laterally. 

 Neural spine of axis much smaller, tri-prismatic in form . . 



Seventh cervical with a neural spine2 to3 times the length of the spine of the 

 sixth 



Seventh cervical with a neural spine no longer than that of si.xth. 



Number of sternal segments 



Molars rootless, hypsidont 



Molar.s rooted, brachydont 



V 



14 ; 16 



5 I 5 



3 3 



24 I 25 



X 



"Apparently there is some variation in the number of vertebrse, especially lumbar sacral and 

 caudal. See Cederblom, Zool. Jahrb., XI, 1897-98, p. 499. 



