NO. 1555. HAWAIIAN HOLOTHURIANS— FISHER. 677 



In preserved s]>ecinieiis the tubercles, which are so characteristic 

 and prominent in live animals, shrink to an insignificant size, except 

 on the anterior end of the ho(\.y. The collar near the edg-e is crowded 

 with robust papilhe, which are smaller than the conical protuberances 

 al)Ove noted. The, papilhe of the interam))ulacra are scattered and 

 averag-e about 5 to 8 mm. apart. The four series of prominent pro- 

 tuberances are not very regular. In the ventro-lateral series there are 

 twelve to fourteen, and on the two dorsal ambulacra usually two or 

 three more. In the latter I'egion the warts are often very irregularly 

 placed. The tip terminates in a papilla. The pedicels are robust and 

 have a terminal plate. The interval between the middle and lateral 

 bands is equal to about half the width of the latter. In a carefully 

 killed individual it is possible to distinguish a narrow area, running 

 along the center of the ventral surface, free from pedicels, which thus 

 divides the central area of pedicels into two parts. This line is, how- 

 ever, not nearly so conspicuous as the other two free areas. Pedicels 

 extend up to the edge of the circumoral collar. 



The calcareous ring varies somewhat with the size of the individual. 

 The radial pieces are much larger than the interradial, and anteriorly 

 the border has four blunt points; posteriorly two. In older individ- 

 uals the posterior points are more prolonged. The anterior border of 

 each interradial piece has a single point; the posterior border is deeply 

 concave. Although Theel found two Folian vesicles in his Hawaiian 

 specimen, there is but one in three examples I have examined. Madre- 

 poric canal and body single, lodged in dorsal mesentery. Gonad forms 

 two tufts, one on either side of the mesentery. In one specimen, 

 collected May 8, the gonad is very large. Respiratory tree very large, 

 branches of the larger tul)e in connection with the vascular network 

 of intestine. 



The deposits are as follows: (1) Large tables, with a ])road disk and 

 tapering. spire ending in a single or, rarely, in two or three points, and 

 with two or three crosspieces. The spire varies considera])ly in 

 length, but commonly lies })etween 0.1:3 and 0.19 mm. The disk is 

 broad and is usually irregular in outline, rather longer one way than 

 the other, and likewise varies much in size, 0.15 to 0.18 mm. being the 

 average width. The numerous perforations vary from 0.003 to 0.015 

 mm. in width. These large tables are confined to the basal half of the 

 papilhx? of the dorsal and lateral surfaces, being absent from the ven- 

 tral perisome. The points of the spires can be seen with a hand lens 

 in preserved material, especially near the tips of the conical warts, 

 where this sort of table is very abundant. (2) The small tables are 

 abundant in both dorsal and ventral integument and measure about 

 0.04 to 0.05 mm. in height. The disk is small and subquadrate, with 

 usually four peripheral holes at the base of the spire supports. The 

 summit of the spire terminates in a variable number of teeth, often as 



