718 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxii. 



Leptosynapta (part) Yerrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., I, Pt. 2, 1867-71, p. 325. 



Type, L. tenuis (Ayres) = Synapla inhnrens (0. F. Miiller); not equivalent 



to Synaptula, but some species referred to Leptosynapta now referable to 



Synaptula. 

 Heterosynapta Yerrill, Trans. Conn. Acad. Sci., I, Pt. 2, 1867-71, p. 346. Type, 



Holotkuria viridls Lesueur = Synaptula viripara Orstergren. 

 Chondroclcea (part) Ostergren, Ofversigt af Kongl. Yetenskaps-Akademiens 



Forhandlingar, 1898, No. 2, p. 113. Type, Synapta indivisa Semper. — 



Sluiter, Siboga Holothurioidea, 1901, p. 125. 



Tentacles 10 to 27 pinnate, iisuall}- with numerous divisions; retractor 

 muscles present (except in A*. nig7'a according" to Semper). Cartilagi- 

 nous rin^ present between calcareous ring and ring canal; perforations 

 in cartilaginous ring posterior. Anchors with unbranched stock or 

 handle" to shaft, flukes smooth, the middle of the arch beset with small 

 granular protuberances. Anchor plates with large central toothed hole 

 surrounded b}' six other toothed'^ holes, but that nearest handle only 

 partly toothed, or smooth, and its outer end rather acute. This hole 

 is arched over by a curved rod with two (not four) supports — i. e., it 

 is not branched where attached to anchor plates, as in following genus. 

 Madreporic canal single, unV)ranched. 



Synaptula as here used includes the tirst division of Ostergren's 

 Cho7idroclma\ that is, all the species enumerated by him with the 

 exception of Synapta hesdli/ Unfortunate!}^ Ostergren's appropriate 

 name can not be retained for this group because antedated by Syna20- 

 tula Orsted. Orsted's species {vlvipara^ is a fairly typical member of 

 this genus, so that it is not possible to restrict ^Sy/io^^tt^/citoa uarrovvei 

 genus and retain Chondrocloia. 



The still earlier name Tledeinann'm Leuckart can not be applied 

 with certainty to any species, although it was given ostensibly to 



«This handle is finely toothed, but not with conspicuous divisions, as in Enapta 

 and Opheodesoiiia. 



b A difference in the serrations of these holes exists between Euapta and Synaptula. 

 In the former the teeth occupy the whole circumference of the holes (except in 

 handle) on the side directed toward exterior of body wall (or that on which the 

 bridge occurs in the handle). On tlie inner side of the plate they occupy only half 

 the circumference. In Synaptula the teeth occupy only half (but opposite halves) 

 of the circumference on both surfaces of plate. In Opheodesoma the teeth are as in 

 Euapta. 



'The type of Synapta Eschscholtz (1829) is Synapta mamillosa. This is equivalent 

 to the earlier Holotkuria macidala Chamisso and Eysenhardt, 1821, according to Dr. 

 Hubert Lyman Clark i)i litt. The name therefore stands Synapta maculata (Chamisso 

 and Eysenhardt), with Synapta inamillosa Eschscholtz, 1829, S. oceanica. (Lesson, 

 1830), f Synapta radiosa (Lesson, ISSO), .*'/S'. punctulata (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), 

 f S. doreyana (Quoy and Gaimard, 1833), S. beselii Jiiger, 1833, and possibly others 

 as synonyms. The name Synapta can not be used for the inhserens group as Oster- 

 gren proposed. The genera closely allied to Synapta in the order of their description 

 stand as follows: 



Synapta Eschscholtz, 1829. Type, [S. luamillosa] S. maculata (Chamisso and 

 Eysenhardt) Clark [=aS'. 6ese^u Jiiger, and authors]. Synonyms; Oncinolabes 



