428 PROCEEDINOS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxix. 



and which has been usually known as Cerostoma foliatum Martini, 

 after Carpenter. This is Martyn's only species of Purpura in vol- 

 umes I and II, and hence the type. In 1798 Bolten adopted the same 

 view, and began his list of Purpuras with the group of Murex trim- 

 culus. There seems to be no doubt that, if any of Martyn's names are 

 valid, Purpura foUata must typify the group bearing this ancient 

 designation.'^ 



Schumacher, in 1817, was the last of the early writers to maintain 

 this view; it is probable that the influence of Lamarck's Animaux 

 sans Vertebres was too powerful to be withstood. The shells usually 

 known as Purpura will probably take the name of Thais Bolten, 1798, 

 as pointed out by Morch half a century ago. 



Martyn's MytUus includes Modiolarkt^ Mytllus.^ and Modiolus. This 

 genus was exactly adopted by Bruguiere in his plates of the Encyclo- 

 pedic Methodique in 1797, and part of the figures appear to have been 

 copied from Martyn's plates. 



Volumes III and IV are less interesting; Nerlta of Mart}^! is iden- 

 tical with Nerlta Linnaeus. Tellina also agrees with the Linnean 

 genus and Pecten Martyn is the same as Pecten Miiller, 1776. In vol- 

 ume III the volutas (which had been included in Bucchium in volume 

 II) are transferred to Voluta, which here comprises both the cones 

 and volutes.- Purpura continues to be a muricoid group. All the 

 species of Spondylus figured are called Ostrea, but no true oyster is 

 figured. Olwa is the same as Oliva Bruguiere, in 1789, though two 

 oliviform cones have been unwisely included. 



To sum up: Mart3^n uses in the Linnean sense the following Lin- 

 nean genera: Bidla, Patella., Trochus., Nerita, Tellina. 



He uses the following Linnean names, but not, or not wholly, in the 

 Linnean sense: JBuccmuin, Limax., Helix, Haliotls.^ Cyprxa., Voluta, 

 Mytilus^ Cardium, Ostrea. 



He adopts from nonlnnomial or pre-Linnean authors, and gives a 

 binomial status to: 



Alata{K\Q\r\, = Stromhus j^ars Linnteus): Type, A. aratrumM^SiViyw 

 (sole example). Purpura (Fabio Colonna, —Murex j^ars Linnaeus). 

 Type, P. foliatum Martyn (sole example). 



He proposes for the first time binomially and in a sense wholly new: 



Clava Martyn, 1784. Type, Murex asper Linnteus. Adopted by 

 Hwass, 1797. (= Vertagus of Authors.) Adopted by Dall, 1892. 



Mitra Martyn, 1784. Type, M. tessellata Martyn. Adopted by 

 Hwass, 1797, and Lamarck, 1799. 



CVWiZta Martyn, 1784- Tj^pe, C. radlatalAaxtyn. Heterogeneous 

 and not accepted b}^ later authors. 



Ollva Martyn, 1786. Type, 0. corticata Mart3^n. Adopted by 

 Bruguiere, 1789; Hwass, 1797; Cuvier, 1798; Lamarck, 1799. 



«See Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., XVIIl, 1905, p. 189. 



