NO. 1438. ir/i\V;,S' OF THE TENTHREDINOIDEA—MAcaiLLIVRAY 



595 



each family; and further ])elieve, judging- from the exi.sting forms, that 

 in the family Tenthredinidie, where there are clo.sely related forms 

 with and without the free part of the first anal, that this anastomosis 

 took place after the loss of the free part of the second anal. 



The type of cell, where the free part of the second anal is wanting, 

 is illustrated by the genera Sehmdria, SirongijlogaHte)' (tig. 11, e)^ 

 Sift'omhoceros (tig. 50), and Thravi.r of the subfamily Selandrina?. 

 These genera have an anal area identical with that found in the genera 

 Dohrus (tig. 49), LojthyniK (tig. 45), EriocampoHhs (tigs. 52-53), and 

 Enq^hytus (tig. 4(1), except for the atrophy of the part named, and rep- 

 resent the type of lanceolate cell open 

 at the shoulder without a cross-vein. 



In the genera llopJocmnpa (tig. 11. 

 ,/"), Vladius (tig. ()♦)), Monoctenus (tig. 

 67), Lahidarge (tig. 11, f/), and llylo- 

 toiiia (tig. 76), the type of cells found 

 in the Selandrina? has been further 

 moditied ))y the anastomosis of the 

 third anal vein with the com])ined lirst 

 and second anal veins at the point 

 where the third anal is deeply emargi- 

 nate in the Selandrina% and conse- 

 quently, with the loss of all trace of 

 the emargination. The anastomosis 

 varies from a short distance in IIopJo- 

 eampa and ^fonocteinis to almost the 

 entire length of the area in Ilylotoina 

 and Lahidarge and is the type of 

 hinceolate cell considered as being 

 contracted at middle. 



The so-called petiolate type of lance- 

 olate cell is a direct modification of the 

 contracted type. It is brought about 

 in two very different ways. By the atrophy of that part of the third 

 anal vein adjacent to the basal end of the anastoniosis, or ))y the 

 continuation of the anastomosis of the basal part until it reaches the 

 base of the wing. IJylotoma and Lahidarge show the basal part of 

 the second anal cell as a minute area at the extreme base of the wing 

 v/hile in Pachylota (fig. 77) this area is obliterated l)V the completion of 

 the coalescence. Although there is no data available, ^et from the 

 shape of the anal cells in the Oryssida? (fig. 97) it is quite probable that 

 the reduction has taken place here in the same manner. That the 

 petiolate type is brought about by atrophy is readily proven by an 

 examination of the wings of Rhadlnocera^a (fig. 12, a)^ Ptricllsta (fig. 

 12, i), and Phyuiatoeera (tig. 71), in the order named. In these wings, 



/ 



<J 



[«. 12.— Reduction of the .^.n.^l cells. 

 a, Rhadinoceraea reitteri; 6, Peri- 

 CLISTA melanocephala; c, Pteronus 

 PAViDi'S; i\, Macrophya albicincta; 

 f, Tenthredo flava; /, Lycaotasodalis; 

 <7, Clavellaria amerin.k. 



