628 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxix. 



stigma and the base of the radial sector has been strongly chitinized 

 secondarily, so that the radial sector appears to arise from the base of 

 the stigma, but it is always possible to differentiate this secondary 

 part from the stigma and the vein because of the difference in the 

 amount of chitiuization. This condition is very prominent in Hemi- 

 chroa (tig. 62) and Periclista (fig. 61V), Media separates from radius 

 near the stigma. The anterior end of the medio-cubital cross-vein may 

 l>e joined to it at its origin or arise from the angle between R and M, 

 or be joined to Sc+R+M at various distances from the origin of M. 

 The anal cells show a marked progressive modification, but this and 

 the other modifications can be dealt with better under the discussion of 

 the sul)families, and will be treated there. 



It has been shown that the interrelation of the medio-cubital cross- 

 vein and the origin of media is one of the most useful characters in 

 indicating the sequence of the different families. Although there is 

 quite a little modification in this region within the family Tenthredin- 

 ida?, 3^et it is worthless for our present purpose, since it does not 

 indicate anything as to the phylogeny of the group. The anal veins 

 and cells maintain the same form and relation in all the families of 

 the Tenthredinoida3 except the Oryssidse and the Tenthredinidtx?. 

 In the Tenthredinida? this area goes through a series of successive 

 changes that are just as valuable in indicating the sequence of the 

 sul)families as the position of the medio-cubital cross-vein is in indi- 

 cating the sequence of the families. Using, therefore, the anal area 

 as a basis, this family can be divided into the following subfamilies, 

 the relation of which can be best understood by means of the follow- 

 ing synopsis: 



SYNOPSIS OF THE SUBFAMILIES OF TENTHREDINIDtE. 



Generalized Tentlire(Uuid:« Lophyrinae. 



Emphytiiue. 

 Selandriiiiie. 

 Doleriiiie. 

 Pliyll()toinina\ 

 Specialized Tenthredinidae. 

 Anal cell t-onservers. 



Second anal vein conservers Lycaotina?. 



Tenthredinina'. 

 Cinibicinfe. 

 Second anal vein losers. 



Second anal cell reduced by atrophy. 

 Costal area conservers. 



Radial cross- vein conservers Hoplocampina'. 



Dineurinee. 



Radial cross-vein k)sers Monoctenina\ 



Cladiina^. 

 Nematina'. 



