630 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxix. 



for a group in lineal arrangement in the faniil}' Tenthredinida? is the 

 condition of the anal cells, and judged by this criterion the Lophyrina; 

 must fall among the generalized Tenthredinida. 



EmpJiytin^. — The Emphytina> have the area between costa (figs. 

 46-48) and Sc+R+M restricted, though in some genera it is fairly 

 broad with a distinct Scj, in others it is narrow, and Sc^ is onl}" repre- 

 sented by a projection upon the front margin of Sc+R+M. The medio- 

 cubital cross-vein is attached in the angle between radius and media, 

 this cross-vein and M3+J, are parallel. The radio-medial cross-vein is 

 wanting in certain genera, as EtnpJiijt\it< (tig. 40) and P(Bcilostom.idea^ 

 so that the cells R and R, are comliined. Man}" writers on the Ten- 

 thredinoidea content themselves with the statement that there are 

 three or four submarginal cells present, but it is very apparent that 

 this does not give a hint as to what vein is wanting and therefore what 

 cells have combined. The radial cross-vein is never wanting. The 

 cells 2d Rj + Rg of the fore wings and Rj+g of the hind wings are 

 distinctly pointed at apex. The free part of M^+Cuj varies as to 

 the place at which it joins the cell M^ from near the middle of the cell 

 to a point almost interstitial with the medio-cubital cross-vein. In the 

 hind wings the free part of R^ is frequentlv wanting, while in other 

 genera both the free part of R^ and the transverse part of Mg are 

 wanting. There is considerable variation in the amount of coalescence 

 of the first anal cell of the hind wings. In Acidophora the second 

 anal vein separates from the first distinctly ])eyond the free part of 

 M^+Cuj in other genera, as Tetratneani^ the apex of the first anal is 

 interstitial with M^+CUj, while in Eriocampa (fig. 47) the coales- 

 cence is for a considerable distance before M^ + Cuj. The following 

 genera would be referred to this subfamily as here constituted: 

 Athalia^ Eriocamjxi^ Strongylogastroldea, PiEcilostomidea^ Pcecilo- 

 stoma^ Taxonnx.^ Tlypotaxonvs, Heiiiitaxon.n><^ Emphytas^ Harplplw- 

 ru8, Tetratneum., Acldopliora^ Paraslohla, and P.^eudosiohla. 



Selandriinse. — A group with only a limited number of genera, but 

 fairly rich in species. It is of especial interest, ])ecause it marks the 

 first stage in the reduction of the anal area, the free part of the second 

 anal vein being wanting (figs. 50-51). It is only recently that S3'stem- 

 atists have considered the loss of the free part of this vein of even 

 generic value, but the modifications of this area are of such great 

 phjdlogenetic importance that there is not the slightest reason for not 

 considering the loss of this vein as of subfamily value. The loss of 

 the free part of the second anal vein marks a high specialization within 

 the generalized Tenthredinida^ and should place this subfamily at the 

 head of this series; but, as pointed out above, each of these subfami- 

 lies is only the tip of a line of ascent, and as the other characters of 

 the wings ally it closel}'^ with the Emphytinse its most natural location 

 is after this group, where all previous systematists have placed it. 



