408 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM. vol. xxxm. 



This Cranch is evidently the same person who found the females 

 of the present species, and for whom it was named; in all probability 

 the two were discovered together on the same fish although there is 

 no definite testimony to that effect. Of course such a description 

 as this of Leach's is absolutely worthless for purposes of identifica- 

 tion, but fortunately Milne Edwards had an opportunity to examine 

 Leach's original specimen in the British Museum, and he published 

 a much better account of it in his History of the Crustacea in 1840 

 (p. 459). The description is not very long, but it contains two details 

 wliich practically identify the species. The first is as follows: 



Carapace tres large et offrant de chaque cote sur le bord posterieur, tout pres de 

 son angle latero-posterieur, un lobule arrondi qui semble appartenir au premier an- 

 neau thoracique. 



This secondary lobe is one of the principal characters of Pandarus 

 males, and would suggest that the species belongs to that genus. 



The second detail is italicized by Milne Edwards as constituting 

 the principal character for identification. He says: 



Le dernier anneau du thorax (the genital segment) grand est arme de chaque cote 

 de deux grands prolongements coniques diriges obliquement en arriere. 



This, with the added information "abdomen tres-court, compose 

 de deux articles, et termine par des lames natatoires assez grandes," 

 is sufficient to identify the species beyond question. But the figure 

 which Milne-Edwards published « was lacking in many particulars. 

 It was therefore fitting for Steenstrup and Ltitken in 1861, and for 

 Kroyer in 1863, to supply the missing details and supplement the 

 description. 



Their combined accoimt is the same as that here given, and has 

 been freely used for suggestions and comparisons. The only thing 

 they lacked was the definite location of the species as the male of 

 Pandarus cranchii. Steenstup and Ltitken record their specimens as 

 taken on the African coast along with females of the present species. 

 Kroyer obtained his specimens from a large Carcharias taken in 

 the open Atlantic, and found what he took to be females along with 

 the males. 



It is shown elsewhere (p. 441 ) that these females were realh" the young 

 of the genus' Nesippus, and not related in any way to the males. 

 The true females of the present species have a complex history. 

 Leach described in 1819 (p. 535) two new species of the genus Pan- 

 darus which he had founded three years before. 



And he repeated the same mistake then made, for just as his two 

 original species, hicolor and hoscii, prove to be identical, so are these 

 other two, carcharise. and cranchii, in all probability one and the same, 

 as was recognized by Steenstrup and Ltitken in 1861 and by all sub- 



a Atlas du Regno animal de Cuvier, Crustaces, pi. lxxviii, fig. 1. 



